
\C:>5 



A/ 




BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN McCAUSLAND. 
FROM A PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN LYNCHBURG DURING THE WAR. 



Campaign and Battle 



OF 



Lynchburg, Va. 



By CHARLES M. BLACKFORD, 



OF THE LYNCHBURG BAR. 



Delivered by Request of the Garland-Rodes Camp of Confederate 
Veterans of Lynchburg, Virginia, 



JUNE i8th, igoi. 






PRESS OF 

J. p. BELL COMPANY, 

LYNCHBURG, VA. 



^^^V I ^ 



/x 



PREFACE. 



During the winter of 1901, the Garland-Kodes Camp of Con- 
federate Veterans of the City of Lynchburg passed a resolution 
requesting their comrade, Captain Chas. M. Blackford, of Company 
B, Second Virginia Cavalry, C. S. A., to prepare an address upon 
the Campaign and Battle of Lynchburg, which was to be delivered 
on June 18, 1901, the thirty-seventh anniversary of the^events of 
which he was to speak. 

Captain Blackford consented to do this work, and did it so much 
to the satisfaction of the Camp that it ordered his address to be printed 
as a valuable contribution to the history of the war and the traditions 
of our city. It is now presented to our citizens and to all who are 
interested in the details of our great struggle. 

The Committee have also added, as a matter of local history, a 
roster of the various volunteer companies which left here when the 
war commenced. Many names were added afterwards, but it is to 
be regretted that the list cannot be perfected. 

Jno. H. Lewis, Chairman, 
N. J. Floyd, 

E. H. BOATWRIGHT, 

W. Barbour Jones, 
H. Grey Latham, 

Committee. 

December 10, 1901. 



The Campaign and Battle of 
Lynchburg. 



The strategic importance of the city of Lynchburg 
was very little understood by those directing the mili- 
tary movements of the Federal armies during the Civil 
War, or, if understood, there was much lack of nerve 
in the endeavor to seize it. 

It was the depot for the Army of Northern Virginia 
for all commissary and quartermaster stores gathered 
from the productive territory lying between it and 
Knoxville, Tennessee, and from all the country tribu- 
tary to, and drained by, the Virginia & Tennessee 
Railroad. Here, also, were stored many of the scant 
medical supplies of the Confederacy, and here many 
hospitals gave accommodation to the sick and wounded 
from the martial lines north and east of it. Lynchburg 
was, in addition, the key to the inside line of commu- 
nication which enabled the Confederate troops to be 
moved from our northern to our eastern lines of 
defence, without exciting the attention of the enemy. 

Under these circumstances, it can well be understood 
that the Confederate authorities were ever on the alert 
to guard so important a post. They relied, however, 
on the facility with which its garrison could be rein- 
forced, when threatened, and not on an army of occu- 



6 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

pation, for it could not afford to keep so many troops 
idle. 

Though equally important to the success of the 
Northern armies, in their operations in Virginia, no 
serious effort was directed against it until the spring of 
of 1864. 

On the 6th of June, 1864, General Grant wrote from 
the lines around Richmond to General David Hunter, 
then commanding the Department of West Virginia, 
informing him that General Sheridan would leave the 
next day for Charlottesville for the purpose of destroy- 
ing the Central (now the Chesapeake & Ohio) Railway. 
Having given this information, he directed General 
Hunter to operate with the same general end in view, 
adding that ^^ the complete destruction of this road and 
of the canal on the James River is of great importance 
to us.'' He further says, ^^ you [Hunter] are to pro- 
ceed to Lynchburg and commence there. It would be 
of great value to us to get possession of Lynchburg for a 
single day.'' 

According to this letter. Hunter, after reaching 
Staunton, was to move on Lynchburg, via Charlottes- 
ville, and thence along what Grant calls " the Lynch- 
burg branch of the Central Road,'' meaning the 
Lynchburg extension of the Orange & Alexandria 
Railroad. Having captured Lynchburg and destroyed 
the bridges and vast stores there concentrated, he was 
to return by the same route, join Sheridan, and together 
they were to move east and unite with Grant, who then 
proposed to move his whole army south of the James 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 7 

and make his attack on Lee at, and south of, Peters- 
burg. (70 War of Rebellion, 598.) 

Hunter was given some latitude as to how he should 
execute this order and as to the best mode of reaching 
Lynchburg. It seems he determined to move up the 
Valley, and to that end called on General William W. 
Averell to " suggest a plan of operations, the purpose 
of which was the capture of Lynchburg and the de- 
struction of the railroads running from that place in 
five days.'' (Id. 146.) 

During the first three years of the war, raids were 
made upon the line of the Virginia & Tennessee Rail- 
way (now Norfolk & Western) west of Lynchburg, for 
the purpose of destroying Lee's communications with 
the South and Southwest over that important conduit 
of supplies. 

By these raids some damage was done by burning 
depots and overturning bridges, but none which caused 
any permanent injury or produced any serious delay in 
transportation over it. Except for local panics and 
the destruction of a small amount of property, these 
raids were, from a strategic point of view, a useless 
expenditure of military strength. They did, however, 
fortunately direct the attention of the Confederate 
authorities to the importance of this line and greatly 
increase their vigilance. 

On the 9th of June, 1864, when AverelPs plan was 
laid before Hunter, he approved and adopted it. He 
was then at Staunton, Virginia, in command of an 
army, the exact number of which is not disclosed by 



8 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

the records. The official report for the month of May, 
1864, for that department, discloses the fact that upon 
the 31st of that month there was in it an aggregate 
present for duty of 36,509. (70 Id. 571.) The pub- 
lished correspondence shows that during the month of 
May every possible effort was made to concentrate these 
forces, and it seems from the roster that every brigade 
and division in the department was represented at 
Staunton when the expedition started. Hence, making 
due allowance for heavy details on guard, provost and 
escort duty, it may well be claimed that when the start 
was made there were present for duty, of all arms, at 
least 25,000 men, fresh and well equipped. (Id. 103.) 
Some of these troops, like their leader, were rene- 
gades from the traditions and instincts of their fore- 
fathers, and hence very little to be trusted, but far the 
greater proportion of the force was composed of high 
types of the soldier from Pennsylvania, Ohio and New 
York, and, under a proper leader, would have been 
very formidable. The want of such a leader, despite 
the efficient aid of able subordinates, made the campaign 
a fiasco with no historical parallel, except, perhaps, that 
of the famous King of France, who, 

''With twenty thousand men, 
Marched up the hill, and then marched down again." 

Hunter's army consisted of four divisions, two of 
infantry, commanded respectively by Generals Sullivan 
and Crook, and two of cavalry, severally commanded 
by Generals Daffie and Averell. Each division con- 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 9 

sisted of three brigades, and they were accompanied by 
eight batteries of artillery, with an aggregate of thirty- 
two guns. 

Major-General David Hunter, the commander, was 
a Southerner by race and environment, and members of 
his family had often been honorably connected with the 
history of the State of Virginia. He had been an 
officer in the United States army, and on the breaking 
out of the war between the States, ignored the traditions 
of his race and took up arms against Virginia. It is 
not the custom of those of Virginian blood to be dis- 
loyal to their State, and it is her proud boast that the 
roll of those who have been false is very short. What 
moved Hunter to act as he did must be developed by 
his biographer ; it is enough for the historian to record 
the fact of his apostasy. Most Southern officers in the 
old service disapproved the secession of the States, but 
on the breaking out of the war, with rare exceptions, 
they resisted the powerful temptations held out as 
inducements to stay and join the Northern army. 
They preferred poverty and the uncertainties of the 
approaching conflict to a military distinction which 
could only be won by shedding the blood of their broth- 
ers and friends. With this faith they joined in the 
defence of their several States whether they agreed with 
them in their political course or not. Such was the 
course of the Lees and the Johnsons, of Stuart and the 
Hugers, of the Maurys, and of hundreds of others who 
stood by their people, right or wrong. They believed 
it alike the path of duty and of honor to draw their 



10 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

swords in defence of their native land, in the hour of 
its greatest need, and they turned a deaf ear to the 
whisper of that tempting thrift which is so often the 
reward of fawning. 

When Hunter and his army were approaching Staun- 
ton, a part of his force, estimated at about eight thous- 
and men, had a battle with a small, disorganized 
detachment under General Wm. E. Jones, at a place 
called Piedmont, near Port Republic. The troops 
under Jones were much worn, and were weary with 
hard work, sharp fighting and scant rations. Those 
of Hunter were fresh, vigorous and well equipped. 
Jones and his men fought well, but he was killed 
early in the action. His death had a bad eifect on his 
command, and it gave way in much confusion and 
with heavy loss. Much good was done during the 
confusion by Lieutenant Carter Berkeley and his two 
ubiquitous guns, which afterwards did such good ser- 
vice in the lines around Lynchburg and upon Hun- 
ter's retreat. 

After this disaster, Jones's command, under Yaughan, 
fell back first to Fishersville and Waynesboro, and 
then towards Charlottesville. This left the Valley 
open as far as Buchanan, except for the small, but 
ever vigilant force of cavalry, so skillfully and man- 
fully handled by Brigadier-General John McCausland, 
who had shortly before been transferred from the com- 
mand of an infantry to a cavalry brigade. 

Imboden, with a small body of cavalry, which had 
escaped from the battle of Piedmont, and which was 



VIRGINIA. 11 

badly mounted and equipped, had crossed the Blue 
Ridge and was energetically attempting to defend the 
Orange & Alexandria Railroad (now the Southern), 
in Nelson and Amherst Counties, from a heavy detach- 
ment from the column of General Duffie, sent by 
Hunter to destroy that road for the purpose of cutting 
off reinforcements from Lynchburg. 

After the death of General Jones and the defeat of 
his little army. Hunter blew his trumpets with boastful 
triumph. Staunton, of course, forthwith fell into his 
hands, which was the occasion for another blast. 
General Hunter, in his report of the battle of Pied- 
mont, written on June 8, says, with pride, that his 
"combined force, now in fine spirits and condition, 
will move, day after to-morrow, toward the accomplish- 
ment of its mission,^^ which was the capture of Lynch- 
burg, and the destruction of its bridges and stores. 
(TOW. ofR. 95). 

The plan of campaign which General Averell had 
suggested and Hunter had adopted, was a movement 
up the Valley to Buchanan in four columns, each 
column composed of a division, commanded respectively 
by himself. Crook, Sullivan and Duffie. The last- 
named division was to march in the same direction on 
the western slope of the Blue Ridge, sending raiding 
parties through the gaps to destroy the Orange & 
Alexandria Railroad, and was finally to move through 
White's Gap to Amherst Courthouse, whence it was to 
march toward the James River, cross it below Lynchburg, 
cut the James River & Kanawha Canal, destroy the 



12 THE CAMPAIGN ANP BATTLE 

Southside Railroad, and then move up the river and 
join in the attack upon the objective point of the cam- 
paign. (70 W. of.R. 146). 

For the purpose of carrying out this plan, General 
Hunter left Staunton on the 10th of June, with his 
army marching in four columns, as suggested by 
Averell. Drums were beating, flags were flying and 
triumphant bulletins flashed over the wires to announce 
to the Secretary of War the great deeds which were 
soon to astonish the nation. 

On the day Hunter left Staunton with so much 
pomp and circumstance, the City of Lynchburg was 
resting quietly, guarded only by the convalescents 
from the hospitals, and the halt and the maimed who 
were there congregated in invalid camps. A gallant 
and appropriate leader was found for this anomalous 
force in General Francis T. Nicholls, who was in com- 
mand of the post. He had left a leg and an arm, 
respectively, upon two difl'erent battle-fields, but he 
still managed to mount his horse and do heroic service. 
He heard of Hunter's movements as soon as a start 
was made, and commenced organizing his sick and 
wounded into an army of occupation. From his 
trenchant dispatches it seemed that he had determined 
to hold the town with his cripples against Hunter's 
whole force. (70 W. of R. 760). 

The little remnant of the detachment which had 
been defeated under Jones at Piedmont was then along 
the line of the Orange & Alexandria Railroad, and 



13 

near Charlottesville, under General Vaughan, much 
demoralized and short of ammunition and supplies. It 
came by forced marches, however, to the aid of Lynch- 
burg, where it was under the immediate orders of 
General John C. Breckinridge, the commander of the 
Confederate Department of Southwest Virginia. Un- 
fortunately General Breckinridge, though in Lynch- 
burg, was an invalid in bed, having been injured when 
his horse was shot under him at Cold Harbor. Some 
of the troops which had fought under him around 
Richmond were en route to the Valley, and, their des- 
tination being changed, they reached Lynchburg before 
Early's corps, or any part of it, came up. 

There was also another small but efficient force 
which, by almost an accident, was added to the troops 
defending Lynchburg. The Botetourt Artillery, a bat- 
tery of six guns, under Captain H. C. Douthat, had been 
operating in Southwestern Virginia. On the fifth of 
June it was ordered to the Valley, via Lynchburg, to 
the command of General W. E. Jones. It reached 
Lynchburg as soon after receiving the order as trans- 
portation could be afforded, and reported to General 
Jones by the wires. He directed the battery to remain 
in Lynchburg until further orders. 

The battery was on the 11th of June ordered to 
Staunton, and it and its men, about one hundred in 
number, were at once put on a freight train on the 
Orange & Alexandria Railroad and started, despite 
rumors of raiding parties, on its proposed route. 

At New Glasgow Station the conductor was notified 



14 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

that a large raiding party was at Arrington Depot, and 
the smoke disclosed the fact that the depot buildings 
were being destroyed. 

Captain Douthat at once pushed forward with the 
train, upon which there happened to be a car-load of 
muskets, with suitable ammunition. Douthat's object 
was to reach the Tye River bridge before the Federal 
troops and save it from destruction. This he did, and, 
breaking open the ordnance boxes, armed his men with 
muskets and forty rounds of ammunition, and then, at 
a double quick, crossed the Tye River, and got into 
position to defend the bridge. 

When the Federal videttes came in contact with 
what seemed a heavy infantry picket they retired and 
reported a large infantry force on hand, and the whole 
raiding party at once withdrew and the bridge was 
saved. Had it been destroyed, Lynchburg must have 
fallen, as reinforcements could not have come up in 
time to protect it. 

The sound judgment and prompt and bold action of 
Captain Douthat and the gallantry of his men on this 
occasion is worthy of all praise — yet, strange to say, as 
he was unattached at the time, there is no official report 
of this valuable service. 

The battery, after this, was unable to continue its 
journey to Staunton, as the railroad had been much 
damaged, and it therefore fortunately returned to 
Lynchburg and took a very active part in the defence 
of the city. It aided in the repulse of Duffie's division 
on the Forest Road, one section of two guns being sta- 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 15 

tioned at the old soapstone quarry on that road, on the 
crest of the hill beyond the road to Tate's Spring. 
These two guns protected the railroad bridge over Ivy 
Creek and drove the Federal cavalry from it whenever 
they approached. The other four were on the other 
side of the road, supporting the brigade under Colonel 
Forsberg, and kept up a very heavy fire on the enemy 
during his stay. Our comrade and fellow-citizen, Mr. 
A. H. Flecker, was a gunner in this battery, and for 
his gallant services was tendered a commission. This 
he declined on the ground that he could do better ser- 
vice as a gunner, in the discharge of which duty he had 
won much reputation. 

The arrival of these different detachments of troops 
gave much comfort to Nicholls, and they were at once 
placed in position. There were still, however, so few 
of the Confederates on the ground that they counted 
more as a picket than as a regular line of battle. 

To add to the general confusion incident to this 
campaign which had been inaugurated in General Lee's 
rear, it must be remembered that General Sheridan, 
with a large body of well-equipped and well-mounted 
cavalry, had, on the 7th of June, crossed the Chicka- 
hominy, and on the 10th had struck the Virginia Cen- 
tral Railroad (now the Chesapeake & Ohio), with the 
intention of joining Hunter in his march on Lynch- 
burg. He was met on the 11th and 12th of June at 
Trevilian's Depot, in Louisa County, by a Confederate 
force of cavalry, under General Wade Hampton, and 
was repulsed with such disorder that he hurried back 



16 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

to the cover of Grant's lines in disorganized confusion, 
leaving the road open for the reinforcements which Lee 
was hurrying to the defence of Lynchburg. 

Some description of Hampton's great cavalry battle 
at Trevilian's Depot would strictly be a part of any 
history of the siege and battle of Lynchburg, for had 
he failed, Lynchburg would necessarily have fallen into 
the hands of the enemy; but time will not permit so 
pleasant a digression. It is enough to say that it was 
one of the most brilliant and successful engagements in 
which our troops were involved during the war, and 
one which shed well-deserved renown not only on Gen- 
eral Wade Hampton, who commanded, but on every 
officer and man under him. Conspicuous for their 
gallantry and valuable service in that battle was the 
Second Virginia Cavalry, under our distinguished fel- 
low-citizen. General T. T. Munford. This great regi- 
ment was made up of companies from Lynchburg and 
the surrounding counties, and was therefore one of 
whose record we all have a right to be proud. On the 
day of that fight it was especially distinguished for its 
daring courage and for its achievements. It was in 
the front of the charging column which broke Custer's 
line and captured four out of the five caissons lost by 
Sheridan on that day. It captured Custer's headquar- 
ters, his sash and private wagon and papers. The 
wagon was used by General Munford until it was re- 
captured, a few days before Appomattox. 

On the 1 2th of June General Lee, who had anxiously 
been watching the movements of the enemy in the 



VIRGINIA. 17 

Valley, and who was perfectly informed of his designs, 
gave verbal orders to General Jubal A. Early to hold 
his corps (the Second, or EwelPs), with Nelson's and 
Braxton's artillery, in readiness to march to the Shen- 
andoah Valley. After dark upon that day these orders 
were repeated in writing, and he was directed to move 
to the Valley that night at three o'clock via Louisa 
Courthouse, Charlottesville and Brown's Gap. He was 
further ordered to communicate with General Breckin- 
ridge at Lynchburg, with a view of a combined attack 
on Hunter. Breckinridge was to attack in front and 
Early in the rear. 

The Second Corps was then at Gaines' Mill, near 
Richmond, numbering about eight thousand muskets. 
(Memoirs of J. A. Early, page 40.) It had been for 
the last forty days constantly fighting, and had taken a 
prominent part in the battles of the Wilderness, Spott- 
sylvania Courthouse, Gaines' Mill and Cold Harbor, 
and had had no time or place for rest or reorganization. 
At Spottsylvania Courthouse it lost nearly a whole 
division. Its commander, Major-General Edward 
Johnson, had been wounded and captured. Four of 
its Brigadier-Generals had been killed during the cam- 
paign, four desperately wounded, and two more had 
been promoted to Major- Generals and removed to other 
commands. The troops therefore, though hardy and 
well-tried veterans, were in bad condition for so ardu- 
ous an undertaking. Despite these facts, so well cal- 
culated to throw the command out of joint, it was on 
the march an hour before that fixed by General Lee in 



Jo THE CAMPAIGN AJsJ) BATTLE 

liis order ! No one but Early knew where they were 
^oing, but all felt that if Lee ordered the march it was 
right and led to victory. AVheu it started, Hunter was 
within fifty miles of Lynchburg, while Early, on his 
route by Charlottesville, had to move one hundred and 
sixty miles, of which a part of his troops had the aid 
of very poor railway transportation for sixty miles. 

On the 16th of June Early had reached Charlottes- 
ville, and his corps was at the Rivanna bridge, four 
miles east of that place, having marched eighty miles 
in four days, well maintaining the reputation won 
under Jackson as " foot cavalry.^' Here Early received 
a dispatch from Breckinridge announcing that Hunter 
was at Liberty (now Bedford City), only distant 
twenty-five miles. The Orange & Alexandria Rail- 
road had not been sufficiently repaired for transporta- 
tion in cars. Every efibrt was made, however, to 
hurry the repairs and to secure trains to speedily for- 
ward the troops from Charlottesville to Lynchburg, for 
Early, when the perilous position of that city was 
known, was ordered to push on to save it from 
Hunter's advancing host. He could get only one 
engine and a few cars at first, but soon added to this 
limited transportation enough to enable him to move a 
part of his command. Duffie's attack upon the road 
between Charlottesville and Lynchburg had not been 
very serious either to the railroad or to the telegraph 
lines, and both were repaired in one or two days, hence 
at sunrise on the morning of the 17th, Early com- 
menced to move his corps by rail. The transportation 



OF LYNCHBUEG, VIRGINIA. 19 

was SO limited that he could only get half of his in- 
fantry moved on that day. Ramseur's division, one 
brigade under Gordon and part of another, were placed 
upon the train, while Rhodes' division and the residue 
of Gordon's were ordered to march along the county 
road, which runs parallel to the railroad, and to meet 
the train as it returned. The artillery and wagon 
trains were started over the county road the night 
before, but got no aid from the railway, and did not 
reach Lynchburg in time to take any part in the 
engagement at that point. Rodes demanded the right 
to be sent forward with his division ahead of Ramseur, 
on the ground that he should be called upon to defend 
his native city. This privilege, from some unaccount- 
able reason, was denied him, a denial which led to 
high words between Early and himself. 

General Early was on board the first train, but so 
indifferent was the motive power, and so bad the con- 
dition of the track, that he and the first half of his 
corps did not reach Lynchburg until the afternoon of 
the 17th, and the rest of his small army did not arrive 
until nearly night the next day — too late to take part 
in the engagement. Early found Breckinridge in bed 
suffering from the injury to which reference is made 
above, and as Breckinridge could not go out to recon- 
noitre, he had called upon General D. H. Hill, who 
happened to be in the city, to ascertain and define the 
best lines of defence. This duty was performed by 
General Hill, with the assistance of General Harry T. 
Hays, of Louisiana, who was also in town disabled by 



20 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

a wound received at Spottsylvania Courthouse. Hill 
established the line close to the city in breastworks, 
which had been thrown up on College Hill.' These 
were at once occupied by the disorganized infantry 
force which had been defeated at Piedmont under 
Jones, the Virginia Military Institute Cadets, and the 
invalid corps. To this was added Breckinridge's small 
command, when it arrived on the 16th, and Douthat's 
battery. 

Early, on his arrival, thought this line too near the 
city for the main defence. He feared that in case of 
battle the shot and shell of the enemy would do damage 
to the property and the people of the town ; conse- 
quently a new line, further out, was established, to 
which were taken the troops with Early, Breckin- 
ridge's men and the artillery. 

When he reached the field on the afternoon of the 
17th, Early found Imboden with his small remnant of 
cavalry, and McCausland with his little brigades, occu- 
pying the hill at the old Quaker Meeting House, on 
the Salem Turnpike. This cavalry, with their gallant 
leaders, was holding the enemy in check, which was a 
great achievement, and was one absolutely essential to 
the safety of the city. They were, however, very 
slowly driven back as the main body of Hunter's army 
advanced. 

The small force under Ramseur, which arrived on 
the evening of the 17th, was at once thrown forward 
and occupied the new line established by Early, across 
the Salem Turnpike, about two miles from the city and 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 21 

a mile and a half beyond HilPs line on College Hill. 
This force, with two guns of Breckinridge's command, 
in charge of Lieutenant Carter Berkeley, of Staunton, 
now Dr. Carter Berkeley, of Lynchburg, two guns of 
Lurty's battery, some of the guns of Floyd King's bat- 
tallion and two of Douthat's battery, were placed in 
the redoubt near the toll-gate and stayed the advance of 
the enemy until dark closed the engagement for the 
day. 

These guns of Lieutenant Berkeley had done good 
service in the Valley and rendered themselves and 
their young commander very famous. They reached 
Lynchburg by forced marches, through the upper part 
of Amherst County, on the evening of the 16th of 
June. On their arrival at the bridge across James 
River, they were urged forward, as it was supposed 
Hunter was even then in sight. The general direction 
in which the enemy was expected was pointed out to 
Berkeley, who was ignorant of Lynchburg and its 
topography. He was told to go directly out from the 
bridge to the hills west of the city, so he urged his 
weary horses up Ninth street, passed the old market 
house to the foot of Courthouse hill. There even his 
nerve was daunted, and he turned up Church street to 
Eighth. He halted a moment, wondering what sort of 
teams and conveyances they had in Lynchburg, but 
noticing that Eighth street was the nearest route to 
the enemy, he urged his horses up the steep declivity, 
putting several men at each wheel. One-third of the 
hill was thus surmounted, but there is a limit to human 



22 THE CAMPAIGN ANE^ BATTLE 

and equine endurance, and the two guns and their 
caissons stalled hopelessly. Fortunately some of Im- 
boden^s cavalry were just passing at the foot of the hill 
on Church street. They saw the trouble, and know- 
ing how important it was to get those useful guns into 
action, jumped from their horses, reinforced the storm- 
ing party and soon had the guns at the top of the hill ; 
thence, at a gallop, they moved forward into the line 
of battle. 

The line then selected extended from a point some 
distance to the left of the turnpike through the toll- 
gate into w^hat is now known as Langhorne's field. 
The residue of Early's command did not reach Lynch- 
burg until late on the * afternoon of the 18th, when it 
was hurried through the city at a double quick, much 
to the relief of the citizens, who cheered them on their 
pathway. During the night of the 17th a yard engine, 
with box cars attached, was run up and down the 
Southside Railroad, making as much noise as possible, 
and thus induced Hunter to believe and to report that 
Early was rapidly being reinforced. 

Senator John W. Daniel, then a Major on Early's 
staff, though at the time disabled from duty by a very 
dangerous wound, describes the entrance of these troops 
upon the scene as follows : 

''In this condition Tinsley, the bugler of the Stonewall Brigade, 
came trotting up the road sounding the advance, and behind him 
came the skirmishers of Kamseur's Division with rapid strides. Just 
then the artillerists saw through the smoke the broad white slouch 
hat of 'Old Jube,' who rode amongst them 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 23 

Poor Tinsley! His last bugle call, 

like the bagpipes at Lucknow, foretold the rescue of Lynchburg, but 
on that field he found, in a soldier's duty and with a soldier's glory, 
a soldier's death." 

Up to that time Hunter's army was several times 
larger than that opposing him. The addition of Rodes' 
command and the residue of Gordon's to the Confed- 
erate forces the next night diminished the disparity, 
but made our army but little over one-half as large as 
that under Hunter. Yet Hunter did not make any 
serious demonstration on the 17th, nor until after two 
o'clock on the 18th. There was firing along the picket 
line and much cannonading, but no serious fight until 
that hour. 

Half of the Second Corps and Breckinridge's com- 
mand, with some fifteen guns, occupied the front 
line, while the cadets, the dismounted cavalry and the 
invalid corps occupied the inner line established by 
Hill. 

On the 18th General Duffie's division of the enemy 
made some attack on Early's right. This attack by 
Duflae with his division of two brigades of cavalry and 
a battery of artillery is described by him in a report 
made in the field to General Hunter on June 18. He 
says : 

"I have carried out your order in engaging the enemy on the 
extreme left. I attacked him at 12:30 and drove him into his forti- 
fications. Have been fighting ever since. Two charges have been 
made and the enemy' s strength fully developed in our front. His 
force is much superior to mine. All my force is engaged. The 



24 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

enemy is now attempting to turn my right. I shall send a force to 
check him. I do not communicate with Averell on my left." (70 
W. of K. 650.) 

This force which Duffie describes as so superior to 
his consisted of two small brigades of infantry under 
General Gabe C. Wharton and the cavalry under Gen- 
eral John McCausland. It is impossible that the whole 
force was half the size of Duffie's. Wharton's com- 
mand was but a remnant left from Gaines' Mill and 
Cold Harbor, and McCausland's had been in one con- 
tinuous fight for ten days, and was therefore much 
dismounted, worn and weary. Of the two so-called 
brigades under Wharton, one was commanded by our 
gallant comrade. Colonel Aug. Forsberg, and had, under 
his leadership, been more than decimated in the fights 
around Richmond during the four weeks immediately 
preceding. 

Had Hunter made a vigorous assault on the line 
through Judge DanieFs Rivermont farm, he could have 
marched directly into Lynchburg and burned the rail- 
road bridges without successful resistance, for Early 
could not have spared a man from his line to oppose 
him. Wharton's two brigades were both east of the 
Blackwater, and between that stream and James Kiver 
there was only the skirmish line of McCausland's cav- 
alry, and a few old men in the trenches across the 
Rivermont farm. These old citizens, however, though 
entirely " muster free " either from age or physical 
infirmity, did good service. They remained in the 
trenches, though without equipment or even the scant 



25 

comforts of the regular soldier, and were anxiously and 
gallantly awaiting the anticipated attack. Had it been 
made, they were ready to die in defence of their homes. 

A reconnoissance was made by Averell on the 18th 
in the direction of the Campbell Courthouse Turnpike. 
It amounted to nothing, and he soon returned to the 
main lines. Beyond these two movements, picket 
firing and artillery duels, nothing was done until about 
2:30 o'clock in the afternoon, when the infantry 
divisions of Sullivan and Crook commenced their ad- 
vance upon Early's centre. This brought about for a 
short time a very active engagement. Our skirmish 
line was driven in upon the main body, as is usual in 
such cases, and the engagement was fairly general and, 
for a time, very sharp. The enemy soon fell back into 
a new line, and there each side rested on their arms 
apparently for the night. 

Early scarcely felt himself strong enough, before 
Kodes arrived, to attack the enemy on ground selected 
by them, but was courting an attack all day. The 
enemy's forces showed no signs of weakness or timidity, 
but the indications were that its movements were lack- 
ing in well defined purpose, and there was obviously 
want of confidence on the part of the subordinate 
Brigadiers in the Major-General commanding. That 
this feeling prevailed amongst the division and brigade 
commanders is clearly observed on reading their official 
reports, in which they differ with him as to what was 
done and the causes of the failure to do more. 

The report of General Crook, who was a very excel- 



26 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

lent officer, is particularly striking. After telling of 

his march and the occupation of his corps on the 17th, 

he says (70 W. ofR. 121): 

" Next morning I was sent to the right with my division to make 
a reconnoissance for the purpose of turning the enemy's left ; found 
it impracticable after marching some three or four miles, and just 
returned with my division and got into position to support Sulli- 
van's division when the enemy made an attack on our lines." 

Having said this, and without further word of ex- 
planation or description of the result, he continues : 

" On the retreat this evening my division brought up the rear. 
When I reached Liberty, I found General Averell had gone into 
camp on the edge of the town. The infantry were going into camp 
some mile and a half further on. ' ' 

He sings no pean of victory, as did Hunter, but 
preserved a silence which is suggestive, if not eloquent. 

General Sullivan made no report. All that General 
Averell says about the movements is an elaborate 
analysis of the causes of the failure, chief amongst 
which he asserts was General Hunter's delay at Lex- 
ington (70 W. of R. 148). Colonel Frost, who com- 
manded a regiment in Crook's division, reports that on 
the 18th — 

"His command marched three miles to the right, and on the 
afternoon was ordered again to the front of the enemy's Avorks, and 
were afterwards formed in line on our left under a heavy fire of ar- 
tillery. Our brigade charged the enemy and drove them back to his 
rifle-pits. 

Here the right gave way, and our brigade being exposed to a close 
firing of musketry, grape and canister, we were obliged to retire 
about thirty paces to a new line of battle, which was held until orders 
were received to fall back. Marched all that night, and reached Liberty 
about 3 p. m. on the 9th." (70 W. of R. 135.) 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 27 

Colonel Rutherford B. Hayes, afterwards President 

of the United States, in reporting the battle of the 

18 th, says : 

"Pursued the retreating rebels and drove them from their rifle- 
pits to the protection of their main works. The works being too 
strong to be carried by the force then before them, the regiment 
retired in some disorder, but was promptly reformed before reaching 
our own lines. After leaving Lynchburg the officers and men of the 
First Brigade sustained themselves through the hardships and priva- 
tion of the retreat like good soldiers." (70 W. of E. 123.) 

Other quotations from other reports might be made 
to the same effect. 

That these reports may have their true significance 
it is necessary that we note what General Hunter him- 
self says of what took place on the 17th and l(Sth. It 
will be found difficult to understand where all the glory 
comes in. He writes : 

" Early in the morning of the 17th orders were given for the 
troops to move, but the march was delayed for several hours at the 
Great Otter Kiver, owing to the difficulty in crossing the artillery, 
and in consequence we did not overtake the enemy until four o'clock 
in the afternoon. At that hour Averell's advance came upon the 
enemy, strongly posted and intrenched at Diamond Hill, five miles 
from Lynchburg. He immediately attacked, and a sharp contest 
ensued. Crook's infantry arriving at the same time, made a brilliant 
advance upon the enemy, drove him from his works back upon the 
town, killing and wounding a number and capturing seventy men 
and one gun. It being too late to follow up this success, we encamped 
upon the battle-field. The best information to be obtained at this 
point of the enemy's forces and plans indicated that all the rebel 
forces heretofore operating in the Valley and West Virginia were 
concentrated in Lynchburg, under the command of General Breck- 
inridge. This force was variously estimated at from ten thousand to 
fifteen thousand men, well supplied with artillery, and protected by 
strong works. 



28 THE CAMPAIGN ANP BATTLE 

"During the night the trains on the different railroads were 
heard running without intermission, while repeated cheers and the 
beating of drums indicated the arrival of large bodies of troops in 
the town, yet up to the morning of the 18th I had no positive infor- 
mation as to Avhether General Lee had detached any considerable 
force for the relief of Lynchburg. To settle the question, on this 
morning, I advanced my skirmishers as far as the toll-gate on the 
Bedford Eoad, two miles from the town, and a brisk fire Avas opened 
between them and the enemy behind their works. This skirmishing 
with musketry, occasionally assisted by the artillery, was kept up 
during the whole of the forenoon. Their works consisted of strong 
redoubts on each of the main roads entering the town, about three 
miles apart, flanked on either side by rifle-pits protected by abatis. 
On these lines the enemy could be seen working diligently, as if to 
extend and strengthen them. I massed my two divisions of infantry 
in front of the works on the Bedford Road, ready to move to the 
right or left as required, the artillery in commanding positions, and 
Averell's cavalry division in reserve. Duffie was ordered to attack 
resolutely on the Forestville Road, our extreme left, while Averell 
sent two squadrons of cavalry to demonstrate against the Campbell 
Courthouse Road, on our extreme right. This detachment was sub- 
sequently strengthened by a brigade. Meanwhile I reconnoitred the 
lines, hoping to find a weak interval through which I might push 
with my infantry, passing between the main redoubts, which appeared 
too strong for a direct assault. While the guns were sounding on 
the two flanks, the enemy, no doubt supposing my centre weakened 
by too great extension of my lines, and hoping to cut us in two, sud- 
denly advanced in great force from his works, and commenced a 
most determined attack on my position on the Bedford Turnpike. 
Although his movement was so unexpected and rapid as almost to 
amount to a surprise, yet it was promptly and gallantly met by Sul- 
livan's division, which held the enemy in check until Crook was 
enabled to get his troops up. After a fierce contest of half an hour's 
duration, the enemy's direct attack was repulsed ; but he persistently 
renewed the fight, making repeated attempts to flank us on the left 
and push between my main body and Dufiie's division. In his effort 
he was completely foiled, and at the end of an hour and twenty min- 
utes was routed and driven back into his works in disorder and with 
heavy loss. In the eagerness of pursuit, one regiment (One Hundred 



29 

and Sixtieth Ohio) entered the works on the heels of the flying 
enemy, but being unsupported, fell back with trifling loss. Our 
whole loss in this action was comparatively light. The infantry 
behaved with the greatest steadiness, and the artillery, which mate- 
rially assisted in repelling the attack, was served with remarkable 
rapidity and efficiency. This affair closed about two p. m. From 
prisoners captured we obtained positive information that a portion of 
Ewell's corps was engaged in the action, and that the whole corps, 
twenty thousand strong, under the command of Lieutenant General 
Early, was either already in Lynchburg or near at hand. The 
detachment sent by General Averell to operate on our right had 
returned, reporting that they had encountered a large body of rebel 
cavalry in that quarter, while Duffie, although holding his position, 
sent word that he was pressed by a superior force. It had now 
become sufficiently evident that the enemy had concentrated a force 
of at least double the numerical strength of mine, and what added to 
the gravity of the situation was the fact that my troops had scarcely 
enough of ammunition left to sustain another well-contested battle. 
I immediately ordered all the baggage and supply trains to retire by 
the Bedford turnpike, and made preparation to withdraw the army 
as soon as it should become sufficiently dark to conceal the movement 
from the enemy. Meanwhile, as there still remained five hours of 
daylight, they were ordered to maintain a firm front, and with skir- 
mishers to press the enemy's lines at all points. I have since learned 
that Early's whole force was up in time to have made a general 
attack on the same afternoon (18th) — an attack which under the 
circumstances would probably have been fatal to us; but, rendered 
cautious by the bloody repulse of Breckinridge, and deceived by the 
firm attitude of my command, he devoted the afternoon to refresh- 
ment and repose, expecting to strike a decisive blow on the following 
morning. As soon as it became dark I quietly withdrew my whole 
force, leaving a line of pickets close to the enemy, with orders to 
remain until twelve o'clock (midnight), and then follow the main 
body. This was successfully accomplished without loss of men or 
material, excepting only a few wounded who were left in a temporary 
hospital by mistake." 

By a critical examination and comparison of these 
reports it will be seen that the men who did the fight- 



30 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

iiig say nothing of the Confederate force being 
^' disgracefully routed/' or of their " overwhelming 
numbers/' and maintain a prudent silence as to the 
cause of Hunter's withdrawal. No one can read the 
whole correspondence without being satisfied that such 
men as Averellj Crook, Sullivan and Hayes, who 
seemed to have all been gallant soldiers, were much 
discouraged and had no faith in Hunter. They be- 
lieved they could have forced their way through our 
lines and were anxious to do so, for they knew that 
they had force superior both in numbers and equip- 
ment. Believing this, they were chagrined that a 
retreat was ordered just as victory was apparently 
within their grasp. 

Hunter claimed that he was overwhelmed by num- 
bers, and that he was short of ammunition. That he 
was not outnumbered the official reports plainly show. 
He had two full divisions of infantry, each with three 
brigades, two of cavalry, composed in the aggregate of 
five brigades and thirty-two guns. Earjy, on the other 
hand, had only the small though very efficient force be- 
longing to Breckinridge's department, McCausland's 
and Imboden's cavalry, the corps of cadets, the Silver 
Grays of the city, the invalids, and about one-half of 
Ewell's corps ; the second half did not reach Lynch- 
burg in time to take active part in the battle on the 
18th. Opposed to Hunter's thirty-two guns. Early 
had none of the artillery attached to the second corps 
and only the guns under Major Floyd King belonging 
to Breckinridge's command, Douthat's battery, two of 



OF LYNCHBURGj VIRGINIA. 31 

Berkeley's and several of Liirty's, some fifteen or 
twenty all told. King had four companies of four 
guns each in his command, but Otey's battery was on 
duty elsewhere. The batteries with him were Chap- 
man's, Bryant's and Lowry's. Doing good service in 
Lowry's company was our townsman M. H. Dudley, 
of the Glamorgan Works. 

Early's cavalry, opposed to the elegant divisions of 
Averell and Duffie, consisted of Imboden's remnant, 
one-half of which was dismounted, and all of which, 
though it did good service, was disorganized by the 
defeat at Piedmont, and, in addition, the gallant little 
brigade so admirably handled by General McCausland. 

If General Hunter did not know all this, it was his 
fault, for it was his duty to know, and he had ample 
opportunity to acquire the information. He had scouts 
on both railroads and the country was filled with the 
vigilant spies who prided themselves on their clever- 
ness. They were famous under the name of ^^ Jessie's 
Scouts" ; a name assumed in honor of Mrs. General 
.Fremont, who was a daughter of Senator Thomas H. 
Benton. He also had the aid of several notorious local 
traitors, who affected to keep him informed. The 
truth is he had all the necessary information, but 
lacked the nerve to act on it. 

The other excuse made by General Hunter that his 
army was out of ammunition, is equally untenable. It 
cannot be believed that a corps was short of ammuni- 
tion which had been organized but a few weeks, a part 
only of which had been engaged at Piedmont, and 



32 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

which had fought no serious pitched battle, and the 
sheep, chickens, hogs and cattle they wantonly shot on 
their march could not have exhausted their supply. 
The corps would not have started had the ammunition 
been so scarce. It would have been against all pre- 
cedent, and any thinking man must know that the 
Ordnance Department of the United States army, 
always full-handed, had well supplied ammunition to 
an army about to start on so important an undertaking. 
No brigade or division commander in his correspond- 
ence or in his report made any such complaint. It 
would have given them pleasure to have had some 
excuse for retreating. They undertook to give no 
excuse, and their silence is so logical that it points out 
with great effect the fact that they had no belief in 
Hunter's excuses, and laid the real blame of the igno- 
minious failure upon the incompetence of Hunter 
himself. 

The obvious cause of Hunter's failure was that he 
did not reach Lynchburg on the 16th, the day upon 
which, according to Averell's plan, he was due. Had 
he reached his destination on the 16th he could have 
occupied the town without opposition. General Breck- 
inridge was there, an invalid, and his troops were there 
in small numbers, much wearied, and they, with a few 
Silver Gray home guards, and the boys from the Insti- 
tute, constituted the sole garrison opposing his army of 
twenty-five thousand men. Why he did not come up 
is accounted for upon two grounds. The first of which 
was the unnecessary delay at Lexington. 



OF LYNCHBUKG, VIRGINIA. 33 

He says in his report, after giving the detail of his 
performance there, " I delayed one day in Lexington'^ 
(70 W. of R. 97). Colonel Hayes says tivo days. 
(Id. 122.) Had he marched without delay he would 
have been in Lynchburg before Early or any part of 
his troops left Charlottesville, and the town would have 
surrendered without firing a gun. He delayed at Lex- 
ington that he might vent his personal ill-will upon 
the State of Virginia. He says in his report that he 
ordered the Virginia Military Institute, a college for 
the education of youth, to be burned, and that he also 
ordered the burning of the residence of Hon. John 
Letcher, formerly Governor of Virginia, alleging as his 
reason for this latter act of barbarity that the governor 
had urged the people to rise in arms to repel the 
invasion. In burning both places he gave no time for 
anything to be saved. The family of Governor 
Letcher barely escaped with the clothes upon their 
persons, and the torch was applied to the Institute 
without the opportunity to save its library, its philo- 
sophical apparatus, its furniture or its archives. All 
alike were consumed to appease his vindictive spite. 
The statue of the Father of his Country, belonging 
to the Institute, Avas stolen and sent to be erected upon 
the grounds at West Point. (Id. 640.) It was re- 
turned after the war. 

General Early in his memoirs says : 

" The scenes on Hunter's route to Lynchburg were truly heart- 
rending ; houses had been burned, and helpless women and children 
left without shelter. The country had been stripped of provisions 



34 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

and many families left without a morsel to eat. Furniture and bed- 
ding had been cut to pieces, and old men and women and children 
robbed of all the clothing they had except that on their backs. 
Ladies' trunks had been rifled and their dresses torn to pieces in 
mere wantonness ; even the negro girls had lost their little finery. 

** Hunter's deeds were those of a malignant and cowardly fanatic, 
who was better qualified to make war upon helpless women and chil- 
dren than upon armed soldiers. The time consumed in the perpe- 
tration of these deeds was the salvation of Lynchburg, with its stores, 
foundries and factories, which were so necessary to our army at 
Kichmond." 

There was, however, another more potent influence 
which stayed Hunter's advance. General John Mc- 
Causland had been operating against the enemy in 
Southwest Virginia with a body of cavalry. AVhen 
Hunter reached Staunton he was ordered across the 
country to meet him. When near Staunton, McCaus- 
land was joined by a small brigade under the command 
of Colonel William E. Peters, now professor of Latin 
at the University of Virginia, who was then Colonel of 
the Twenty-first Virginia Cavalry. These two bri- 
gades, aggregating some sixteen hundred men, under 
McCausland's leadership, ably seconded by Peters, at 
once commenced to worry Hunter and to keep his 
whole force in a constant state of alarm. This force 
was so ubiquitous that it was estimated by the enemy 
as being five times its real size. Amongst the officers 
in the force under Colonel Peters was his nephew, and 
our fellow-citizen. Major Stephen P. Halsey, who did 
good service and distinguished himself for his active 
gallantry. 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 35 

As Hunter moved from Staunton to Lynchburg 
these brigades were ever in his front, one hour fighting 
and the next falling back as the main column would 
appear, but ever causing delay and apprehension. The 
tireless little band performed deeds of gallantry as they 
hung upon Hunter's front which entitled every officer 
and man to a cross of honor. 

When Hunter's army reached Buchanan, McCaus- 
land had been hovering in front of his vanguard for 
many miles. There was a bridge at this point across 
James River, over which Hunter expected to cross. 
McCausland sent his men over the bridge, and from 
the south side of the river they opened fire on the head 
of Hunter's column as it appeared in sight, and thus 
checked their advance. McCausland had caused hay 
to be piled on the bridge, much of which was wet with 
coal oil. He, with Captain St. Clair, of his command, 
had remained on the north side for the purpose of set- 
ting fire to the bridge. The Federal cavalry charged 
up very close to him before McCausland applied the 
match, as he was desirous that every man of his com- 
mand should get safely over. As fire was opened on 
him he applied the torch to the hay, and the coal oil at 
once flashed up in a furious blaze. 

Captain St. Clair ran up the river bank, and the 
enemy was so occupied in the effort to kill him that 
they did not see McCausland, who escaped in a small 
boat under the burning bridge, and was not again under 
their fire until he was climbing up the opposite bank 
of the river. 



36 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

This thoughtful and gallant conduct of McCausland 
delayed Hunter's column for a whole day, thus giving 
Lynchburg a better chance for defence and rendering 
Hunter's raid ineffectual. 

In Early's dispatch reporting the battle at Lynch- 
burg an expression is used which implies a doubt as to 
whether the cavalry would do its duty. Never did 
cavalry do better service than did that under McCaus- 
land, both as Hunter advanced and as he retreated. 
Had McCausland had the full command of the cavalry 
on the retreat, Hunter's wagon train and artillery 
would have fallen into the hands of the Confederates ; 
but for some reason, which it is now unnecessary to 
explain, great opportunities were permitted to pass 
without advantage being taken of them. McCausland 
at Hanging Rock with his force was in a position to 
have attacked the retreating column of the enemy and 
to have cut off his wagon train and many of his guns. 
He begged to be allowed to attack, but was told to 
await the arrival of the infantry. While he waited the 
enemy discovered his position and so far withdrew that 
when the inhibition was withdrawn the great opportu- 
nity was gone, though, despite the delay, a number of 
guns, wagons and supplies were captured by his force. 

During the second day that Hunter was in the lines 
around Lynchburg McCausland made a raid around 
his rear and attacked his train at Forest Depot, driving 
a guard of one regiment of infantry and one of cavalry 
back to the Salem pike. This gave Hunter much 
apprehension and^^threw his force into confusion ; how 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 37 

much it contributed to his rapid flight that night can 
never be known. Due credit was not given McCaus- 
land for this, nor for many of his other valuable ser- 
vices. 

Lynchburg owes much to Ramseur's division of the 
Second Corps and to the men who occupied the lines 
when Hunter arrived, but it was the skill of McCaus- 
land and Peters and the unflagging energy and courage 
of their officers and men, which so retarded Hunter^ s 
movements that when -he did arrive there was force 
enough on our line to prevent his capturing the city. 
McCausland and his command were the real saviors of 
the city, and some lasting memorial of its gratitude 
should be erected to perpetuate their deeds. 

McCausland proved himself a soldier of a high type. 
There were few officers in either army who, with such 
a force, could have accomplished as much. His little 
command had been in constant contact with the enemy 
for many days, had been continuously in the saddle and 
on exhausting marches, w^as badly mounted and badly 
equipped ; everything about it was worn and weary but 
their dauntless spirit ; that, under the example of their 
indomitable leaders, never flagged for an instant. The 
truth is, heroism was so common a quality amongst the 
" old Confeds ^^ during that war that heroes were almost 
at a discount and heroic acts passed unnoticed, however 
great. 

The services of this command were recognized at the 
time by a vote of thanks adopted by the City Council 
of Lynchburg on the 24th of June, 1864, "for their 



38 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

gallantry in opposing for ten days the march of a 
greatly superior force, thereby retarding the advance of 
the enemy on our city until a proper force could be 
organized for its defence." The citizens of the town at 
the same time presented General John McCausland 
with a sword and a pair of silver spurs in token of 
their gratitude. 

It is not fair to close this special notice of the service 
rendered the city by McCausland's command without 
referring especially to the gallant conduct of Captain 
E. E. Bouldin, of the Charlotte cavalry, who com- 
manded its rear guard as it fell back before Hunter's 
army. The records show that the numberless charges 
of Captain Bouldin and his valiant band upon Hunter's 
vanguard were conspicuous, even amongst the men of 
a command where each proved himself a hero. Cap- 
tain Bouldin still survives, and is a useful and modest 
citizen of Danville, Virginia, and a learned and efficient 
member of its bar. 

What General McCausland did in this defence was 
not the only service he rendered the city. When Lee 
surrendered he rode off with his men toward the moun- 
tains of Southwest Virginia for the purpose of there 
disbanding. As he approached Lynchburg a commit- 
tee from the civil authorities met him, and, after telling 
him that the place was being looted by lawless squads of 
disbanded soldiers from Lee's army, asked his aid. He at 
once sent in a squadron which cleared the streets and soon 
restored order. He continued to preserve order until the 
civil authorities organized a force sufficient to maintain it. 



VIRGINIA. 39" 

When Hunter commenced his advance from Staun- 
ton our townsman, Colonel J. W. Watts, of the Second 
Virginia Cavalry, was at his home near Liberty, recu- 
perating from severe wounds. Despite his disabled 
condition, he mounted his horse, joined McCausland 
and rendered him valuable aid. To him was assigned 
the duty of blocking the road from Buchanan to the 
Peaks of Otter. He did this work very thoroughly, 
but he states that so complete was the equipment of 
Hunter's pioneers that they cleared the road in less 
time than it took him to blockade it. Nevertheless the 
blockade was one of the causes which materially delayed 
the advance of Hunter, and therefore was one of the 
causes which led to the relief of the city. 

Major Robert C. Saunders, of Campbell, was at the 
time of the attack by Hunter a resident of the city, 
being in charge of the Quartermaster Department for 
the collection of the tax-in-kind for this Congressional 
District. He had been in the field as captain of an 
infantry company from Campbell County, and as soon 
as Hunter's approach was a certainty General Nicholls 
sent for him and sent him out to bring him definite 
information of Hunter's position. He started imme- 
diately and soon was among Hunter's vanguard, but, 
though much exposed, he wonderfully escaped under 
cover of the night and brought accurate information 
which was very valuable. He was sent out again, and 
was in the sharp battle fought by General McCausland 
at New London and by McCausland and Imboden at 
the Quaker Meeting House, and then, as Hunter re- 



40 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

treated, he was with McCaiisland and Peters and saw 
much hard service with those sturdy soldiers and their 
men. His manuscript account of what he saw is very 
interesting, and might properly be inserted in this paper 
but that it would make it too long for one evening's 
address. 

Be the causes of General Hunter's failure what they 
may, the fact is he did fail, and failed disgracefully, 
where he should have succeeded, for he had every ad- 
vantage of numbers, of guns and of equipment. There 
are many pages of reports of Federal officers about this 
campaign published in the Records of the War of the 
Rebellion by the United States Government, but the 
cotemporaneous literature on the part of Confederate 
officers is very scant ; they fought better and longer 
than they wrote. As a specimen of the Confederate 
reports, that of General Early may fitly be taken. It 
contrasts strikingly with the ten-page document of 
General Hunter upon the same subject, found in the 
seventieth volume of the War of the Rebellion, page 94. 

General Early's report is as follows : 

"New London, June 19, 1864, 9:30 a. m. 
*' General: 

* * Last evening the enemy assaulted my line in front of Lynch- 
burg and was repulsed by the part of my command which was up. 
On the arrival of the rest of the command I made arrangements to 
attack this morning at light, but it was discovered that the men were 
retreating, and I am now pursuing. The enemy is retreating in con- 
fusion, and, if the cavalry does its duty, we will destroy him. 

"J. A. Early, 

* ' Lieutenant General. 
" General R. E. Lee.'' 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 41 

This report is brief and to the point. It has been 
construed as ignoring the troops belonging to the com- 
mand of Breckinridge, and as doing injustice to the 
cavalry of Imboden and McCausland. General Early 
should have been more careful in writing it, but it 
must be remembered that when it was written he was 
not informed of the great service which had been ren- 
dered by the cavalry, or of the faithful work which 
had been done by the troops, other than those belong- 
ing to the Second Corps. 

In his memoirs (on page 44) General Early says 
that some time after midnight it was discovered that 
Hunter was moving, but, owing to the uncertainty as 
to whether he was merely changing front or retreating, 
nothing could be done until daylight, when, the retreat 
being ascertained, the pursuit commenced. Early's 
army moved in three columns, the Second Corps on 
the Salem Turnpike, Breckinridge's command, under 
Elzey, on the Forest Road, and the cavalry, placed by 
Early under General Eobert Ransom, on the right of 
Elzey. The enemy's rear was overtaken at Liberty 
by Ramseur's division and was driven through that 
place at a brisk trot. 

It is not within the scope of this paper to follow up 
the retreat of Hunter, nor to narrate the incidents of 
Early's campaign in Maryland and the scare he gave 
the Government at Washington. What a commotion 
his little army created can be easily understood by 
inspecting the 70th and 71st volumes of the War of 
the Rebellion, a large part of which is taken up by the 



42 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

numberless orders and counter-orders, alarms and out- 
cries incident to the fright then prevailing. General 
Grant seems to have been the only person in command 
on the other side who kept his equilibrium and acted 
with consistent courage and judicious poise. 

But before we return to the scenes around Lynch- 
burg incident to the attack, it may well be noted that 
Hunter, after reaching Salem, turned off to Lewisburg, 
West Virginia, and did not feel safe until he had placed 
his army far beyond the Alleghanies and upon the banks 
of the Ohio at Parkersburg. The effect of this re- 
markable line of retreat was that the Valley was left 
open, and Early seized the opportunity and at once 
commenced his march for the Potomac practically 
unmolested. On the 5th of July Hunter and his com- 
mand were at Parkersburg, on the Ohio, while Early, 
whom he was to obstruct, was crossing the Potomac 
River into Maryland. 

Poor Hunter ! he seems to have had few friends, 
and it is almost cruel to recite his history, but men 
who undertake great enterprises must expect to be 
criticised when they fail. He got little comfort, and 
expected none, from the Confederate leaders, but he 
got even less from the Federal, except when it came in 
the form of such reports as that sent by Captain T. K. 
McCann to General Meigs, the Quartermaster-General, 
in which he says that ^^ General Hunter fought four 
hours on the 17th ; on the 18th the General ascertained 
that Rebel force at Lynchburg was fifty-thousand men, 
and from a prisoner taken it Avas reported that Lee was 



VIRGINIA. 43 

evacuatiDg Richmond and falling back on Lynchburg, 
and consequently General Hunter was obliged to fall 
back/' (Id. 679.) General Grant, however, on the 
21st of June, wrote General Meade to know where 
Hunter was, and said, " Tell him to save his army in 
the way he thinks best.'' (Id. 657.) 

On the 17th of July Halleck wrote to Hunter, giv- 
ing him some directions in regard to his future move- 
ments, saying that General Grant directs, if compelled 
to fall back, you will retreat in froyit of the enemy 
towards the Potomac, so as to cover Washington and 
not be squeezed out to one side, so as to make it necessary 
to fall back into West Virginia to save your army.'^ 
This order he disregarded most ignominiously. 

In the same letter Halleck wrote Hunter that 
General Grant said that in the marching he does not 
want houses burned, but " that he wants your troops to 
eat out Virginia clear and clean as far as they can, so 
that crows flying over it for the balance of the year 
will have to carry their rations with them." (Id. 366.) 

C. A. Dana, Assistant Secretary of War, wrote to 
Grant on the 15th of July (Id. 332) : '' Hunter appears 
to have been engaged in a pretty active campaign 
against the newspapers in West Virginia." And Hal- 
leck on the same day wrote to Grant that he thought 
" Hunter^ s command was badly used up in the Lynchburg 
expedition.'' (Id. 331.) 

These assaults, and many others of a like nature, 
wounded General Hunter so greatly that he not only 
asked to be relieved, but wrote a letter to Grant, in 



44 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

which, after speaking of the depressing effect upon him 
of these comments, he unstopped the vials of his wrath 
against his subordinates, upon whom he put the blame 
of his defeat. 

In this letter he says that Sullivan, who commanded 
one of his divisions, was " not worth one cent ; in fact 
very much in my way," and, again, he says : " I 
dashed on toward Lynchburg, and should certainly have 
taken it if it had not been for the stupidity and conceit of 
that fellow Averell, who unfortunately joined me at 
Staunton, and of whom I unfortunately had, at the 
time, a very high opinion, and trusted him when I 
should not have done so.'' (71 W. of R. 366.) 

With these quotations from the correspondence of 
his associates. General Hunter may be left to the ver- 
dict which will be accorded him by the future historian 
of the stirring events in which he took part. 

War is not a gentle occupation, and its customs are 
harsh. To make it effective, it is clearly within the 
rules of civilization to strip an enemy's country through 
which a hostile army is passing of everything which 
will sustain the life of either men or beasts. Hence 
Grant's historic order about the crow carrying his 
rations, while cruel, is within the line of legitimate 
warfare. But putting non-combatants to death, insults 
to women and children, the wanton destruction of 
household goods and clothes, the application of the 
torch to dwellings, factories and mills, or the destruc- 
tion of public buildings, and especially of institutions 
of learning and their libraries, and works of art and 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 45 

science, is a style of warfare long since relegated to the 
savage. The disgrace of reviving this barbaric strife 
in modern times was reserved for Hunter. General 
Crook, one of his division commanders, a soldier brave 
and true, felt constrained to note the conduct of the 
troops, and published an order in which he says he 
" regrets to learn of so many ads committed by our troops 
that are disgraceful to the command.^' Hunter knew 
all this, but there was no word of protest or repression 
from him. 

It is to be regretted that later in this campaign, 
when we carried the war across the Potomac, some of 
our troops retaliated for these brutal acts, upon inno- 
cent parties. That Hunter had set the example was 
no good excuse, though it was pled. (See General 
Bradley T. Johnson's Report, 90 W. of R. 7.) 

General Early has been severely criticised for per- 
mitting the escape of Hunter. It is always much 
easier to criticise than to accomplish ; to point out how 
a thing should have been done, after we know the 
result of what was done, than to do it at the time. 
The facts heretofore stated can leave no doubt that all 
was done, as far as the prompt pursuit of Hunter is con- 
cerned, which could have been done. Early's line of 
defence, owing to the smallness of his force, was not 
only thin but was short ; he had therefore to keep in such 
a condition that by changing front rapidly with the 
troops he had, he could supply the place of those he 
did not have. Hence, when he noticed Hunter mov- 
ing away from his immediate front, he did not suppose 



46 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

he was retiring, but merely withdrawing for the pur- 
pose of making his attack at another point, and pru- 
dence demanded that he should keep his troops in hand 
until the enemy's purpose was developed. To do this 
the delay until daylight was essential. 

It is a subject of remark that with Hunter's army 
there were two men who very faithfully discharged 
their duties as soldiers and subsequently became Presi- 
dents of the United States — one Colonel Rutherford 

B. Hayes, who commanded a brigade, and the other 
Major William McKinley, who was a staff officer. 

The loss on neither side was very heavy, but it was 
very much greater on that of the invader than upon 
ours. Hunter left his dead on the field to be buried 
by his enemy, and his wounded in a field hospital ; facts 
which show how precipitously he departed. 

The Federal line of battle was formed on the left, 
-directly through the yard of the residence of the late 

C. H. Moorman, whose farm lay on both sides of 
Blackwater Creek, and occupied most of what is now 
called West Lynchburg. When it was known that 
Hunter was approaching, Mr. Moorman packed several 
wagons with provisions, and, with his negroes and stock, 
moved down toward the Staunton River, leaving his 
house in charge of his young, unmarried daughter, now 
Mrs. Hurt, his wife, an old negro man and several 
negro women. Before Mr. Moorman cleared his own 
plantation, which was large, he found it necessary to 
lighten his load, and to that end selected a spot and 
buried his supply of well-cured and much prized hams. 



47 

It turned out that the line of battle of Crook's division 
ran across the spot, and the buried treasure was discov- 
ered, much to the delight of the troops, who greatly 
enjoyed a very fine lot of old Virginia hams, always 
valuable, but especially so under such circumstances. 
At sunrise on the morning of the 17th, Miss Moor- 
man went out on a hill near her house to reconnoitre 
the military situation. She saw a column of Federal 
troops moving on the Salem Turnpike, and was looking 
at them very anxiously when she was shocked to see a 
line of blue coats crossing the field close to her home. 
She at once ran back, sheltering herself behind the 
fence, but the officer in command was at the door 
before she was, and very politely advised her to stay in 
the house while the fight was going on. The family 
were not molested during the two days that the troops 
were there. With exceptional visits to the front yard, 
she obeyed the officer's instructions very carefully. She 
heard the constant cannonading and the picket firing 
without cessation all of the 1 7th and until the evening 
of the 18th, when the sounds changed and indicated 
that a real battle was going on close at hand. She 
was naturally in a fever of excitement, but could hear 
nothing of the result. About midnight of the 18th, or 
more probably on the morning of the 19th, she heard 
the rumbling of wagons and artillery on the Salem 
Turnpike, and found the lines around her house were 
being withdrawn, but it was some time before she 
dis(iovered that the Federal troops were retreating. It 
was then nearly daylight, and she slipped out of the 



48 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

house and ran down to the ford across Blackwater 
Creek and notified the cavalry at that point what she 
had seen. A company was at once sent off in pursuit 
to verify her statement. After they had gone, and as 
she returned home, she met a solitary Federal soldier 
on foot, who asked her what had become of his com- 
mand. She told him they had been whipped and had 
retreated, and informed him that he was her prisoner. 
He stated he had fallen asleep and had been left, and 
at once surrendered to her. 

On reaching her home, although it was not yet sun- 
rise, she started over on foot to the point where the 
heaviest fighting had taken place, that she might learn 
the fate of her brother. Major Marcellus N. Moorman, 
who commanded a battalion of artillery in the Second 
Corps. He had not been in the fight, as the battalion 
had not reached Lynchburg until during the night of 
the 18th. His command had started in the pursuit 
when she left home on her mission, but she met him on 
the battle-field going to tell his mother good-bye. Thus 
another son of Lynchburg was in line to battle for her 
defence. 

On the extreme right of the Confederate lines, and 
on a part of what is now the farm of Senator Daniel, 
was stationed the brigade in command of Colonel Aug. 
Forsberg, then a stranger in the city, and here merely 
by the accident of war. On the right of his brigade 
was the Thirtieth battalion of Virginia infantry, under 
the command of Captain, now Judge, Stephen Adams, 
who, on the breaking out of the war, was a practicing 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 49 

attorney of West Virginia. He had married Miss 
Emma Saunders, of Lynchburg, but was then a stranger 
thrown into the line of defence of the city by the like 
accident. Captain Adams, after he became a citizen of 
Lynchburg, purchased the very land on which his men 
were that day formed in line of battle, and has often 
dug up pieces of shell and bullets which were fired at 
him. He now preserves them as pleasant reminders of 
the past. Both Captain Adams and Colonel Forsberg 
are now valued citizens of Lynchburg, and we owe them 
a debt of gratitude for their gallant efforts in its defence. 

It is not generally known that a few of the Federal 
shells were thrown into the city, but such was the case. 
The writer has in his possession a part of a three-inch 
percussion shell, shot from a rifle cannon, which fell in 
what was then known as '^Meem's Garden," near the 
spot where the Catholic Church of the Holy Cross is 
now situated. His mother lived in the immediate 
vicinity of the place where it exploded, and, when the 
sound was heard, one of the servants ran over and 
picked it up, and it was thus preserved in the family. 

The blood-stained and battle- torn little command of 
Breckinridge reached Lynchburg on the 16th of June. 
Up to that moment no one in the city had hoped that 
the place could be saved from Hunter's vandalism by 
the cordon of boys, cripples and irregular troops which 
surrounded it, and there was an anxiety which cannot 
be described ; its depth may be imagined, but the pen 
cannot paint it. 

The arrival of this small force brought hope back to 



50 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

the hearts of the old men and helpless women and chil- 
dren who constituted the population of the city, and as 
the hardy old veterans moved up Main and then up 
Fifth streets they were cheered by joyous crowds of 
excited women, jubilant convalescents and hopeful old 
men. The troops had made a two-days' forced march 
from the headwaters of Rockfish River and were in bad 
physical condition, but in high spirits. They much 
enjoyed their cordial reception. This is shown by a 
little incident preserved out of the many of the same 
character by a person who was one of the girls present 
on the occasion. 

In the column of troops, as they swung along in a 
double-quick to meet the advanciug foe, was one red- 
haired soldier who had lost both hat and shoes, but was 
advancing with 'the same alacrity as his comrades who 
had been more fortunate in preserving these valuable 
articles of dress. Miss Sally Scruggs, then a young 
lady, radiant with the enthusiasm of the occasion, was 
standing upon the wall of the front yard of what was 
then the residence of Mr. H. I. Brown, at the south 
corner of Fifth and Church streets, together with a 
great many other ladies. She was wearing a Confed- 
erate broad-brimmed straw hat of her own make, 
trimmed with all the colors which could be raked from 
the discarded finery of the past. Seeing the gallant 
fellow passing without a hat, she tore her own from her 
head and threw it to him. He caught it, tied it over 
his auburn locks, raised his musket to a present arms, 
and the brigade cheered as long as they were in sight. 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 51 

The writer has taken much pains to gather from eye- 
witnesses incidents of these eventful days in the history 
of our city, but with little success. It is astonishing 
how few people took note, or, if they did, can narrate 
the small incidents which would be so interesting to 
the present generation. The main and patent facts 
they remember well, but the official reports and news- 
papers preserve them to us very accurately. What is 
wanted, and what was the prime aim of this paper, is 
the preservation of those traditional facts which give a 
reality to history which historic papers cannot impart. 
Little aid has been rendered in this respect, though 
many letters have been written asking it, and many 
personal applications made to those who might, with a 
little trouble, have reproduced from memory many of 
those incidents so essential to the personal interest of 
such a sketch as this. 

Among the facts which have been preserved, it is 
pleasant to tell of another soldier whose subsequent 
career was one in which every citizen took pride. 
Young W. C. Folkes, the son of our late much re- 
spected member of the Legislature from this city, Ed. 
J. Folkes, was at home disabled by a wound which had 
carried away one of his legs. Though far from recov- 
ered, he seized his crutch and a musket and started out 
to the lines, taking with him our townsman, Mr. E. C. 
Hamner, then not sixteen years old. The two marched 
out to the furthermost line, and there did a soldier's 
duty under fire all day. Young Folkes, after the war, 
studied law at the University of Virginia and then 



52 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where he soon rose to 
the front rank in his profession, and, while yet a young 
man, was elevated to the Supreme bench of the State, 
where, after a few years of distinguished usefulness, he 
died, beloved and respected in his adopted as well as 
his native State. 

The last incident shows the spirit of the boys. But 
the old men on that day were boys also. Mr. Mike 
O'Connell was over eighty years of age. He went out 
with the Silver Grays. His company was placed on 
the inner line, but with his long rifle he marched out 
to the skirmish line and kept up a constant fire on the 
enemy all day, though himself under a heavy fire. 

The writer of this sketch was, he regrets to say, in 
another part of the Army of Northern Virginia at this 
time, and therefore can give nothing from his own 
experience. He was, however, in constant correspond- 
ence with his wife, who wrote him very full accounts 
of all that happened. Unfortunately all her letters on 
this subject, but one, have been lost ; one extract from 
that may be worth inserting. It is dated Tuesday, 
June 21,1864: 

" 1 received three letters from you, for all of which you must 
accept my thanks. It was amusing to me in reading those of the 
17th and 19th to see how little idea you had of the stirring times 
through which we were passing at Lynchburg. 

''On Monday, the 13th, we begun to fear that Hunter would 
make Lynchburg his point of attack, but it was not a definite fear 
until we heard of his being in Lexington, and that he was turning 
this way. On Thursday, the 16th, we heard of his being at Liberty, 
marching in this direction, and then all was excitement and appre- 
hension. 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 53 

''General Breckinridge, with some troops, got hereon Wednes- 
day night, and as we saw them passing out West street, it was a 
most reassuring sight, and never were a lot of bronzed and dirty- 
looking veterans, many of them barefooted, more heartily welcomed. 
The streets were lined with women, waving their handkerchiefs and 
cheering them on as they moved out to a line on the hills west of 
the city. We were made more hopeful also by the knowledge that 
General Early, with several brigades, was at Charlottesville, en route 
to reinforce the small command of Breckinridge. He arrived with 
some of his troops on the evening of Friday, the 17th, but could do 
little more than get what he had into position. On Saturday, the 
18th, more of Early's men came, and it was a delightful sound to 
hear their cheers as they passed out to the lines. Eugene was 
among them, and seemed to delight in the chance of making a fight 
right at home. 

" Saturday, the 18th, was a day we will not soon forget. There 
was no general engagement until about three o'clock, but a constant 
cannonade and heavy skirmishing went on all day. Our lines were 
out near and in Spring Hill Cemetery ; the enemy's further out. 
Their skirmish line was in Mr. John B. Lee's yard, where a number 
were killed by our cannon. I went out on College Hill and watched 
the fighting much of the time. It was very exciting to see the 
cannon fire from both sides and the explosion of the shells on the 
opposite side. It was fascinating beyond description. I could see 
our troops moving and taking new positions, and could see the 
Yankee batteries doing the same thing, and then the fearful reality 
of the scene was forced upon me by the line of ambulances which 
were kept busy bringing our wounded into town. 

" Colonel Floyd King called at our house and told me, on Friday 
night, that we should put our most valuable things in the cellar for 
protection, and should stay down there ourselves. Many things 
were carried into the basement, including the pictures, china, silver, 
etc., etc., but we did not go there to sleep, thinking it was time 
enough to do so when the shells actually commenced to fly. Our 
people, of course, were very much excited, but, on the whole, 
behaved very well, and with more coolness than I had anticipated. 
I had so much to do 1 did not have time to be scared, though I was 
deeply anxious. The sight of the familiar faces of the veterans as 
they marched through our streets, reassured me entirely. Early got 



54 THE CAMPAIGX AND BATTLE 

his men into line on Saturday evening, but for some reason I do not 
understand did not attack, and the next morning the coward, Hun- 
ter, was gone. Early at once started after him, but has not yet 
overtaken him, Ave hear. 

"Our people criticise Early with much bitterness for not attack- 
ing Saturday, but 1 think we ought to be only too glad we got 
through safely without the hazard of a battle. Eugene had the 
headquarters of his sharpshooters at one time in the cemetery, close 
by his father's grave. He went on, of course, with his command. 
It was a great relief when we heard that Hunter was gone. Mother 
stood it remarkably well. She was, of course, very anxious about 
Eugene, as she would hear the booming of the cannon, but she kept 
up her nerve and spirits. 

''Plunter's headquarters were at old Major Hutter's. He told 
them that he proposed to capture or burn Lynchburg. Major Hutter 
was of course, politely treated while Hunter was there, but after he 
and some of his generals who were with him had left the house, 
other officers and men robbed it — robbing Miss Hutter's chamber of 
her clothing and other valuables. Many wounded were left in 
Major Hutter's yard ; indeed, the flight was so rapid that all but the 
slightly wounded were left behind, together with many small arms 
and some cannon. Early may not have done all he might have 
done, but, certain it is, Hunter's whole campaign seems to have been 
a farce. He was gallant when there was no enemy, and a coward 
when they were in sight. He burned the Military Institute, which was 
not even garrisoned by boys, and set fire to Governor Letcher's house, 
which only a woman protected. If the * bravest are the tenderest,' 
how true it is that the cowards are the crudest. The renegade, David 
R. Strother (Porte Crayon), was with Hunter as one of his staff at 
Major Hutter's. Another traitor to his State, his name and his race. 

" The soldiers who came up with Early gave the most distressing 
accounts of the condition of affairs in Louisa County, where the 
Yankee raids have done so much harm to the unprotected. They 
say the desolation is so great that as they marched through the 
women and children flocked to the road for something to eat, and 
would grasp eagerly all the bits of cold corn-bread they could spare 
them from their haversacks. Is it not horrible to think of?" 

A remarkable incident happened in connection with 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 55 

the depredation of Hunter's troops at Lexington. 
When the corps of cadets was ordered to leave the In- 
stitution on the approach of Hunter, they deposited 
their trunks in the residences of neighboring gentlemen 
for safe keeping. 

Young Mr. Carter H. Harrison, of Staunton, was 
then a cadet, and, with several others, put his trunk at 
Professor Campbeirs to save it. When the battle was 
over at Lynchburg and Hunter was gone, the cadets 
were not put in the chasing column, but were relieved 
from further active duty. Mr. Harrison, with others of 
the corps, went to the battlefield, and during his inspec- 
tion visited the field hospital where the wounded of the 
enemy were being cared for by our surgeons. He 
noticed one man who was badly wounded in the leg, 
and whose pantaloons were ripped up that the surgeon 
might more easily dress the wound. As Harrison 
looked at the soldier he observed his own initials on 
his socks, and upon further investigation discovered 
that all the man's underclothes were similarly marked 
and all belonged to him, and were a part of those he had 
left in his trunk at Professor Campbell's. 

The man confessed that they had looted Professor 
Campbell's house, and that the underwear was part of 
the booty. Arrangements were made by which posses- 
sion followed the legal title. 

It is needless to attempt to describe the anxiety of 
the citizens as Hunter approached, heralded by the 
accounts of his vandalism at Lexington and on his 
march. Until their nerves were restored by the arrival 



56 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

of Breckinridge's little army of some fifteen hundred 
men and the guns of Berkeley and W. S. Lurty's bat- 
tery, every woman and non-combatant was actively 
engaged in hiding silver, jewels, provisions and other 
valuables — generally putting them in the very place 
where skilled looters would be sure to go in search. 
Many things were put away at that time which have 
never been found since, and never will be. The 
anxiety of the hiders so affected their memory that the 
place of hiding was forgotten. 

As soon as hope was restored by the appearance of 
additional troops, the energies of the women were di- 
rected to the effort of giving food to the hungry and 
travel- worn troops whose arrival had brought them so 
much comfort. While the cannon were booming over 
the hills of the suburbs and the fierce rattle of contend- 
ing musketry could be heard, our women were bending 
over the fires cooking rations for the men in the lines, 
or scraping lint and rolling bandages for the wounded. 
The first ray of hope restored confidence, and the 
inhabitants of Londondery or Leyden were not more 
calm or heroic, or more actively engaged in doing all 
in their power for defence, than were these women and 
the old men, who were the only other inhabitants of 
the city left. 

The old men, with such weapons as they could pro- 
cure of every variety of style, were in the trenches 
across the plateau now known as Eivermont, ready to 
sacrifice their lives in protecting their loved ones and 
their homes from the marauding troops which were 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 57 

advancing with a devastating purpose, long since aban- 
doned as unfit for civilized warfare. Thus men and 
women alike braced themselves for the great struggle, 
and, though not put to the final test, were calm, col- 
lected and brave in the supreme moment when the 
enemy were thundering at our gates. This fact is one 
of which the city may well be proud, and should stimu- 
late coming generations to emulate the example of their 
forefathers. 

The Garland-Rodes Camp has induced the prepara- 
tion of these pages, that the truths of history may be 
preserved from that oblivion to which human memory 
consigns all details dependent upon it. It is their duty, 
indeed it is the duty of every citizen of the whole State 
and of every part of it, to garner up the facts connected 
with our heroic struggle and to so preserve them that 
they shall become the well-established traditions of our 
people. Such traditions are a part of the wealth of a 
race. They both elevate and stimulate succeeding 
generations. By them a high national character is 
established, and under their influence that species of 
patriotism is engendered whence springs the glorious 
sentiment, 

^'Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori." 

The fires of patriotism do not burn most fiercely 
where the land is most productive, or where wealth 
most accumulates. Nations which have owned broad 
savannahs upon which nature has been most lavish 
have often been driven from their country with little 



58 THE CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE 

show of manly courage and without that zealous patriot- 
ism which creates heroes, while the peasant of Switzer- 
land and the cottager of the Highlands, neither of 
whom can afford greater luxuries than oatmeal and 
goat's milk, have held their vales and their fastnesses 
for centuries against all odds. To them each dell has 
its story of valiant deeds of their forefathers and each 
mountain is crowned by traditions which tell of the 
great achievements of their race. For dells and moun- 
tains thus sanctified by the glories of the past, the peas- 
ant and the lord of the manor alike are willing to die. 
It was their love for the stories and romance of their 
race which sustained the nerve of the Swiss Guards in 
the discharge of their duty to the King when, without 
a faltering nerve, one by one they sunk under the blows 
of the infuriated Jacobins of Paris, and well won the 
grand inscription to their courage on the Lion of Lu- 
cerne. A like love was the foundation of the wonder- 
ful heroism of the Highlanders at Lucknow and of the 
Scotch who climbed the Heights of Abraham at Quebec. 
So it was their love for the historic memories of Vir- 
ginia which nerved the courage of that dauntless 
division which, under a fire never before poured on 
line of battle, reached the brow of the hill at Gettys- 
burg. 

By gathering the traditions of the Highlands and 
thus perpetuating them, Scott has done a great work 
for Scotland. Others have done the same thing for 
England. It is for this generation to gather the same 
wealth for Virginia. Thus will the history of her 



OF LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA. 69 

people, of her valleys, her rivers and her mountains, 
be preserved and the facts be secured to generations 
yet to come which, when mellowed by time, will be 
perpetuated in story, in poetry and in song. 

Thus and thus only can we keep Virginia and her 
people on the elevated plane upon which they have 
stood for centuries, and thus can we make her, in the 
future, the land of poetry and romance. It is Wallace 
and Tell who are the heroes of the poet and the novel- 
ist, not the commanders of the great forces with which 
they contended. In the far future many a novel, many 
a poem and many a song will tell of Lee, of Jackson, 
of Stuart and of Mosby — ideal heroes of romance — 
long after the names of the leaders who fought them 
will be mere facts in the prosaic history of the power 
of the greater to overcome the less. 

It is not our duty to weep over the past or to be- 
moan the fate which resulted in the final overthrow of 
the Confederacy; nor should we do anything to keep 
alive the bitterness of that strife. On the contrary, it 
is our duty to bow to the logic of what has happened 
and to believe in the wisdom of the all-wise Director 
of the affairs of nations and of peoples ; but it is also 
our duty to see to it that what is good and great be 
preserved, and that our children and children's children 
keep green the traditions which will nerve them to a 
higher courage and stimulate them to a generous emu- 
lation of the deeds of their forefathers. 



APPENDIX, 



LYNCHBURG COMPANIES IN THE SERVICE OP 
THE CONFEDERACY, 1861-65. 



The Kifle Grays, Company A, Eleventh Kegiment Virginia 
Volunteers: 

First SergL , Joseph A. Kennedy. 
Second SergL, Elcano Fisher. 



First Captain, M. S. Langhorne. 

Second Captain, G. W. Latham. 

Third Capt., Robt. M.Mitchell, Jr. 

First Lieut., G. W. Latham. 

First Lieut., John W.D&niel. _ 

.Second Zyiew^., Robt. M.Mitchell, Jr. Second Corp., Samuel R. Miller. 

Second Lieut., H. C. Chalmers. Third Corp., Lucas Harvey. 

Second Lieut., James O. Thurman. Fourth Co?-p., Jas.O.Thurman, Jr. 



Third Sergt., Henry D. Hall. 
Fourth Sergt. , Peter B. Akers. 
First Corp., Geo. T. Wightman. 



Allman, William H. 
Akers, William L. 
Bailey, James H. 
Bailey, James W. 
Benson, Henry G. 
Brown, Leslie C. 
Beckwith, Henry C. 
Burroughs, Henry A. 
Ballard, James F. 
Bagby, George W. 
Cheatham, Thos. F. 
Cochran, Robert L. 
Cooney, Thomas. 

Camp, Albert G. 

Crumpton, James A. 

Crumpton, Joseph A. 

Clinkenbeard,Wm. E. 

Conklen, Thomas A. 

Connolly, Jerry M. 

Devine, Frank. 

Diuguid, Edward S. 

Davis, Thomas N. 

Delano, Joseph S. 

Dady, David. 

Evans, William H. 

Edwards, James M. 

Elam, H. F. 

Feyle, Frank H. 

Fulks, James W. 

Frances, Joseph M. 

Furry, William H. 

Gooldy, John F. 



PRIVATES. 

Henry, Charles W. 
Henry, John L. 
Harvey, Charles C. 
Hollins, John G. 
Hollins, James E. 
Heybrook, L. G. 
Hersman, Wm. B. 
Hunt, William R. 
Johnson, Shelbry. 
Jones, W^illiam B. 
Jones, Charles J. 
Kennedy, Michael. 

Kidd, George W. 

Latham, Robert F. 

Linkenhoker, Sam'l. 

Mitchell, John R. 

Mitchell, T.Holcomh 

Mitchell, John J. 

Mitchell, William H. 

McKinney, Sam'l H. 

McCrary, Wm. B. 

Marks, James L. 

Milstead, William. 

McDivitt, C. P. 

Norris, Michael A. 

Norvell, Otway B. 

Omohundro, T. A. 

Porter, Thomas D. 

Pendleton, William. 

Price, N. Leslie. 

Parrish, Booker S. 

Pugh, Charles E. 



Peters, John I. 
Rucker, Edward P. 
Raine, John R. 
Robertson, Thomas D. 
Rainey, Charles W. 
Rogers, James B. 
Rock, John J. 
Rector, Thomas S. 
Sims, Robert F. 
Sewell, George W. 
Stubbs, Robert F. 
Stewart, Philip H. 
Slagle, John H. 
Slagle, David H. 
Sholes, Thomas C. 
Stewart, Stephen P. 
Stabler, Thomas S. 
Shepherd, Joseph H. 
Tyree, Charles H. 
Taylor, William H. 
Thurman, Powhatan. 
Turner, John H. 
Truxall, Andrew J. 
Tyree, Wm. D. R. 
Tyree, John R. 
Taliaferro, Rhoderick. 
Torrence, William H. 
Victor, Henry C. 
Wren, Peter R. 
Warfield, Thomas. 
Williams, William H. 



62 



APPENDIX. 



Lynchburg Kifles, Company E, Eleventh Kegiment Virginia 

Volunteers: 

First Captain, J. E. Blankenship. Sergeant, A. D. Read. 

Second Captain, C. V. Winfree. Sergeant, James W. Wray. 

Third Captain, John C. Ward. Sergeant, Thomas Keenan. 

First Lieutenant, C. V. Winfree. Sergeant, E. G. Williams. 

First Lieutenant, James W. Wray. Sergeant, William M. Seay. 

Second Lieutenant, W. A. Strother. Sergeant, John L. Marion. 

Second Lieut, W. M. Taliaferro. Corporal, J. H. Shepperd. 

Lieutenant, John P. Knight. Corporal, John Lovett. 

Lieutenant, Walter R. Abbott. Corporal, D. M Pettigrew. 

Lieutenant, Adolphiis D. Eead. Corporal, Thomas H. Love. 

Lieutenant, Charles H. Tyree. Corporal, John Kelly. 

Lieutenant, George P. Norvell. Corporal, John E. Holt. 

First Sergeant, W. R. Abbott. Corporal, John Lovett. 

Sergeant, John C. Ward. Corporal, W. P. Whitlow. 



Anderson, Thos. N. 
Atkinson, John. 
Butterworth, John M. 
Butterworth, Wm. W. 
Bradley, Winfree. 
Brown, F. M. 
Brown, Hillary. 
Burks, Paulus Powell. 
Burks, S. C. 
Bailey, Samuel D. 
Bailey, Thomas D. 
Coffee, William^ H. 
Colvin, Howard H. 
Colvin, William O. 
Colvin, Robert O. 
Clark, C. C. 
Clark, C. B. 
Clark, R. C. 
Carey, John H. 
Carey, James. 
Day, Thomas E. 
Davis, Arthur P. 
Davis, T. D. 
Dunnivant, William. 
Evans, T. F. 
Equi, Joseph. 
Elder, Hiram P. 
Farriss, William. 
Fortune, William. 
Foster, William E. 
Grant, Bluford. 



PRIVATES. 

Gaulding, T. Henry. 
Gregory, Edward S. 
Gregory, N. H. 
Goins, James. 
Gilbert, George W. 
Gilbert, William. 
Gilbert, Thomas. 
Hart, Patrick S. 
Haines, Robert L. 
Hurt, Samuel. 
Hickey, Patrick H. 
Hendricks, James. 
Howard, John. 
Houston, Francis R. 
Hudgins, James L. 
Hancock, W. T. 
Jones, Charles T. 
Jenkins, J. Samuel. 
Johnson, Charles Y. 
Kayton, J. Patrick. 
Lawhorne, Delaware 
Lawhorne, James H. 
Lawhorne, Lorenzo. 
Lawhorne, Lucas P. 
Lipscomb, Charles P. 
Moore, Thomas H. 
Miller, James M. 
Mann, Daniel. 
Milstead, Benjamin. 
Marshall, John W. 
Marshall, James. 



Marshall, Charles. 

Marshall, David B. 

Myers, William. 

McCarthy, Patrick. 

Nangle, Edward A. 

Neville, Lewis C. 

Noell, James H. 

Pettus, John E. 

Patrim, William A. 

Paris, Thomas H. 

Parr, John E. 

Padgett, J. J. 

Parker, Joseph A. 

Roberts, Charles R. 

Rucker, Jackson. 

Rockecharlie, V. 
*Strause, Simon. 

Stewart, William H. 

Simpson, Charles W. 

Searson, Thomas. 
, Sullivan, Michael. 

Spillan, Patrick. 

Smith, George W. 

Smith, John G. 

Smith, Thomas. 

Smith, Robert H. 

Smith, James. 

Thomas, Andrew J. 

Taylor, William. 

Taylor, Burley T. 

Trent, George W. 



APPENDIX. 



63 



Turner, G. Kempton. Wooldridge, Jas. K. Wills, John McD. 
Turski, Francois. Wooldridge, Joseph. Walker, J. S. L. 

Ward, James S. Wright, Wra. Rich'd. Wray, Thomas C. 

Williamson, L. C. Wray, Ellis D. 



Home Guard, Company G, Eleventh Eegiment, Virginia 
V^olmiteers: 



First Capt, Samuel Garland, Jr. 
Second Capt, Kirkwood Otey. 
Third Captain, J. Holmes Smith. 
First Lieut., K. Otey. 
Second Lieut., J. G. Meem, 
Third Lieut. , S. M. Simpson. 
Ord. Sergeant, J. L. Meem. 
Third Sergt, W. J. H. Hawkins. 



Abrahams, H. J. 
Adams, R. H. T. 
Akers, E. A. 
Armistead, James. 
Apperson, R. F. 
Anderson, John G. 
Ballowe, T. H. 
Barnes, C. F. 
Blackford, W. H. 
Booth, S. C. 
Brugh, J. B. 
Burks, E. W. 
Button, R. P. 
Burch, Samuel. 
Cabell, Breck. 
Cabell, P. H. 
Cabell, S. 
Campbell, Wiley. 
Colhoun, Robert. 
Conley, John. 
Cosby, C. V. 
Creed, J. J. 
Cross, J. H. (K.) 
Crumpacker, John. 
Dowdy, T. N. 
Dabney, H. 
DeWltt, C. 
Eubank, E. N. 
Franklin, James, Jr. 
Franklin, P. H. 
Ford, William A. 
Gregory, W. S. 



PRIVATES. 

Guggenheimer, M. Jr. 
Guy, D. C. 
Goggin, John P. 
Harris, H. V. 
Harris, Meade. 
Hawkins, S. M. 
Holland, William. 
Ivey, J. W. 
Jennings, J. H. 
Jennings, T. D., Jr. 
Johnson, Minor. 
Kean, R. G. H. 
Kinnear, James F. 
Kinnear, James O. 
Kabler, N. 
Kreuttner, Joseph. 
Kent, J. R. 
Lee, John A. 
Lavinder, G. T. 
Langhorne, C. D. 
Leckie, M. M. 
Lewis, John H. 
Lucado, L. F. 
Lyman, G. R. 
Lydick, James H. 
Lydick, D. 
Mayer, Max L. 
McCorkle, C. 
Miller, A. H. 
Moseley, C. A. 
Moorman, S, L, 



Sergeant, J. C. Johnson. 
Color Sergeani,W iUiixm Sanford. 
Fifth Sergeant, B. L. Blackford. 
Corporal, C. D. Hamner. 
Corporal, John K. Seabury. 
Corporal, J. H. Smith. 
Corporal, Hugh Nelson. 

I, Benjamin Blackford. 



Mosby, L. C. 
Nelson, W. S. 
Nowlin, A. W. 
Oglesby, John. 
Page, C. H. 
Percival, C. D. 
Pierce, R. C. 
Peters, R. T. 
Preston, L. P. 
Preston, S. D. 
Preston, T. L. 
Salmons, G. J. 
Sears, J. R. 
Shelton, G. W. 
Simpson, T. H. 
Snead, W. B. 
Spencer, C. S. 
Stratton, A. B. 
Sumpter, John U. H. 
Shaver, W. H. 
Taliaferro, Van. 
Terry, A. W. C. 
Thompson, J. H. 
Toot, W. A. 
Trigg, W. K. 
^'alentine, Joseph. 
Waldron, R. L. 
Watkins, R. W. 
Walsh, T. C. 
Woods, W. H. H. 
Wheeler, J. M. 



64 



APPENDIX. 



Jefferson Davis Kifles, Company H, Eleventh Eegiment, 
Virginia Volunteers: 



Captain, J. Risque Hutter. 
First Lieut, William L. Goggin. 
First Lieut. , William S. Hannah. 
Second Lieut., James W. Hord. 
Second Lieut, Ro. D. Early. 
Firf,t Sergeant, Jas. O. Freeman. 
Second Sergeant, S. B. Wright. 



Third Sergeant, D. C. Wright. 
Fourth Sergeant, Wm. S. Thayer. 
Fifth Sergeant Brandon P.Neville. 
First Corporal, George L. Jesse. 
Second Corporal, Geo. T. Mitchell. 
Third Corporal, Pat. H. Rourke. 
Fourth Corporal, Charles Schade. 



Akers, H. C. 
Banton, Robert. 
Banton, James H. 
Banton, Richard. 
Blanks, John N. 
Blanks, Robert. 
Burford, William. 
Boland, John. 
Brown, John C. 
Cramer, A. W. 
Callan, Dan. 
Cunningham, Felix. 
Davis, John R. 
Davis, Thomas M. 
Daniel, John. 
Doyle, Henry. 
Donatini, G. 
Eagan, Gabriel. 
Floyd, Alex. 
Floyd, John J. 
Floyd, Nathan D. 
Flowers, Wm. P. 



PRIVATES. 

Flowers, Joseph W. 
Fulks, Robert. 
Fox, Edward. 
Farrer, Robert. 
Fitzgerald, Cyrus. 
Fitzgerald, Cey ton L. 
Gouldin, H. L. 
Gouldin, William. 
Geurtz, Peter. 
Grossman, William. 
Hanly, John. 
Hurt, John H. 
Humphrey, M. L. 
Jones, Thomas. 
Kyle, Benjamin M. 
Labby, ]\I. H. 
Lavinder, James. 
McCormack, L. 
McCormick, S. 
McCormack, Wm. 
McOormack,Wm. D. 
Mitchell, Richard H. 



Micalany, Peter. 
Musgrove, Franklin. 
Myers, Samuel W. 
Oliver, Pleasant. 
O'Brien, Michael. 
Rucker, George W. 
Rucker, Paulus G. 
Reynolds, James. 
Reynolds, John H. 
Rodgers, George W. 
Rider, William. 
Still, Thomas. 
Stanlv, Joseph. 
Stanly, D. W. 
Singleton, William H. 
Seay, Isaac. 
Seay, Richard. 
Sprouse, Samuel. 
Turner, Charles. 
Whitten, James. 
White, John W. 



APPENDIX. 



65» 



Wise Troop, Company B, Second Regiment Virginia Cavalry; 



First CapL, John S. Langhorne. 
Second CapL, Chas. M.Blackford. 
Third CapL, George B. Horner. 
Fourth CapL, William Steptoe. 
First LieuL, C. M. Blackford. 
Second LieuL, Van R. Otey. 
Second LieuL, Wm. H. Stratton. 
Second Lieut., A. D, Warwick. 
Second LieuL, John Alexander. 
Second Lieut. , John O. Thornhill 
Second Lieut., J. P. Robertson. 
Lieutenant, R. B. Isbell. 

Corporal, 



First SergL, William Langhorne. 

First SergL, Robert W. Lacy. 
. Second SergL, E. G. Scott. 

Second SergL , John S. Massie. 

Third SergL, A. S. Watson. 

Fourth SergL, W. B. Cross. 

Sergeant, M. B. Langhorne. 

Sergeant, C. Christian. 

Sergeant, James Chalmers. 
. Sergeant, John T. Luckett. 

Corporal, S. M. Alexander. 

Corporal, C. V. Donohue. 
F. M. Stone. 



Abbott, J. P. 
Akers, E. A. 
Alexander, E. A. 
Allen, T. W. 
Barnes, A. J. 
Barnes, E. F. 
Bays, John R. 
Berkley, Joseph. 
Bibb, John R. 
Boiling, W. R. 
Bowman, N. B. 
Boyd, Andrew. 
Boyd, James. 
Bradley, William. 
Brook, St. George T. 
Browning, C. P. 
Browning, John. 
Callahan, J. E. 
Carnefix, E. M. 
Caruthers, John. 
Clay, D. C. 
Coles, John. 
Cox, John C. 
Cox, P. S. 
Cox, Samuel. 
Cox, Thad. 
Crumpton, Robert. 
Dameron, C. D. 
Dobyns, Joe. 
Dunnington, V. G. 
Early, S. H. 
Edwards, J. E. 



PRIVATES. 

Edwards, J. T. 
Edwards, W. P. M. 
Eubank, W. E. J. 
Everett, H. B. 
Fariss, J. 
Flemming, F. W. 
Flood, Thomas W. 
Floyd, Charles A. 
Godsey, F. M. 
Green, Charles. 
Green, John L. 
Hammerling, C. T>. 
Holley, W. E. 
Hunt, H. C. 
Ingram, J. R. 
Irvine, W. A. 
Jones, J. W. 
Kasey, J. B. 
Kefauver, William. 
Kemper, Hugh. 
Kinnear, George A. 
Kinnear, John A. 
Kinnear, William. 
Langhorne, J. Kent. 
Lawson, Joe. 
Lawson, S. M. 
Leake, F. M. 
Leman, A. H. 
Lewis, John C. 
Lock, Daniel. 
Love, A. D. 



Love, T. H. 
Lucado, William F. 
Luck, Henry. 
Mays, C. J. 
Mays, C. Richard. 
Mays, H. H. 
McCorkle, S. M. 
Meriweather, C. J. 
Mitchell, J. E. 
Moore, Sampson. 
Morgan, J. H. 
Norvell, Charles. 
Offterdinger, Herman. 
Palmer, C. F. 
Percival, George. 
Perrigo, George. 
Perriman, William P. 
Pettyjohn, S. W. 
Phelps, J. C. W. 
Purvis, W. C. 
Read, John A. 
Roberts, H. T. 
Rucker, James G. 
Sale, J. E. 
Seabury, E. C. 
Seabury, R. M. 
Seabury, W. J. 
Sherrar, John C. 
Smith, John Thomas. 
Smith, William N. 
Sneed, S. Emmitt. 
Spencer, W. R. 



Q6 



APPENDIX. 



Stone, Frank. 
Sullivan, Dennis. 
Sumpter, S. K. 
Taylor, John O. 
Taylor, O. P. 
Taylor, Thomas P. 



Thurman, Alexander. 
Thurman, Powhatan. 
Toler, W. D. 
Tucker, Willis. 
Tyree, Eichard. 
Wall, Thomas. 



Watson, W. H. 
Whitlow, W. H. 
Witt, J. C. 
W^oodruff, A. M. 
W^right, J. L. 



Lee Battery, Company A, Braxton's Battalion, Virginia Artillery 



First Captain, Pierce B. Anderson. 
Second Captain, Charles J. Raine. 
Third Capt., Wm. W. Hardwicke. 
First Lieutenant, C. W. Statham. 
Second Lieut, Chas. J. Raine. 
Second Lieut, John R. Massey. 
Second Lieut , W. W. Hardwicke. 



Orderly Sergeant, Alex. East. 



Second Lieut, William Early. 
Second Lieut., W. H. Hughes. 
Second Lieut., James Hughes. 
First Sergeant, W. H. Broyles. 
Second Sergeant, Thos. Franklin. 
Third Sergeant, Wm. Eads. 
Fourth Sergeant, Thos. W^ood. 



Alvis, Sam. 
Brooks, William. 
Brooks, James. 
Brooks, T. S. 
Brooks, Thomas. 
Bowman, John. 
Bransom, Jackson. 
Bateman, Sam. 
Broyles, Samuel A. 
Cregg, Callahan. 
Caldwell, Archer. 
Cox, John. 
Coleman, Singleton. 
Coleman, George. 
Coffee, Thomas. 
Castillo, Patrick. 
Depriest, William. 
Davidson, Benj. 
Dunn, Samuel. 
Donivan, William. 
East, William. 
Eads, Thomas. 
Eads, Joe. 
Eads, Samuel. 
Friedhoff, Hammond. 
Fletcher, Lucian. 
Falwell, John. 
Gowin, James. 
Gowin, John. 
Gowin, Sam. 
Gaddess, John B. 
Green, Charles. 



PRIVATES. 

Goolsby, Joshua. 
Grubs, William. 
Goolsby, Louis. 
Green, John. 
Hyman, Henry. 
Hugus, Benj. 
Hughes, James. 
Johnson, Charles. 
Johnson, Thomas. 
Johnson, Joseph. 
Kersey, William. 
Kersey, James. 
Kinlock, William. 
Kirsey, Edward. 
Lynch, John. 
Lipscomb, Wm. 
Layne, Wm. 
Mays, Alonzo. 
Milstead, Frank, 
Mitchell, William. 
Manning, John. 
Moraity, Patrick. 
Norvell, George. 
Norvell, Marion. 
Purdue, Josiah. 
Purdue, Benj. 
Phelps, William. 
Plumb, Louis. 
Roach, William. 
Roach, James. 
Rider, Isaiah, 



Rule, Peter. 
Robinson, James. 
Robinson, Turner. 
Richey, James. 
Rock, George. 
Raine, James, 
Stewart, William. 
Sprouts, William. 
Sprouts, Henry. 
Shepard, Joseph. 
Shepard, Richard. 
Smith, Joseph, 
Stanley, William, 
Stanley, William, Jr. 
Sharp, William. 
Sharp, Henry. 
Seay, James. 
Turner, Wm, R. 
Turpin, Riley, 
Taylor, James. 
Trent, Benj. 
Walker, Reese. 
Walker, John. 
Walker, William. 
Whorley, William. 
Wood, Patrick. 
Wright, William. 
Woolridge, Richard. 
Woolridge, Peter. 
Woolridge, Beverly. 
Woolridge, Daniel, 



APPENDIX. 



67 



Beaukegard Kifles (afterward Beauregard Artillery, or Moor- 
man's Battery), mustered into service at Lynchburg, Va., 
May 11, 1861: 

First Capt, MarcellusN. Moorman. Second Sergt., J no. J. Shoemaker. 



Second Capt, John J. Shoemaker. 
First Lieut., Blake L. Woodson. 
Second Lieut., Ferd. C. Hutter. 
Third Lieut., Joseph B. Smith. 
First Sergt., Charles R. Phelps, 



Fourth Corp., John Hurley. 



Third Sergt., James K. Read. 
Fourth Sergt., Ed. H. Moorman. 
First Corp., Henry D. Yancey. 
Sec^d Corp., Aug. Leftwich (K). 
Third Corp., Charles L. Burch. 



Burkholder, Robt. C. 
Boyd, James M. 
Boyd, Charles A. 
Boyd, Edward D. 
Brown, Samuel H. 
Brown, William R. 
Burford, William E. 
Burford, William C. 
Burford, Archer L. 
Burch, Thomas P. 
Boydton,Wm. Shelley. 
Bradley, James M. 
Cobbs, James A. 
Cary, John. 
Cullen, Thomas P. 
Clopton, William A. 
Christian, John S. 
Coffee, William W. 
Dornin, Anthony E. 
Derr, Charles H. 
Edmondson, John T. 
Edwards, John T. 
Fitzgerald, Wm. N. 
Farmer, Calvin. 
Fisher, G. W. 
Furgerson, Stephen B. 
Fitch, Charles. 
Fariss, Richard. 
Green, George W. L. 
Gordon, Samuel A. 
Hanks, Peter D. 
Hamlett, Robert A. 



PRIVATES. 

Isbell, David D. 
Johnson, William R. 
Jones, McK. W. 
Jones, John D. 
Kinnear, George A. 
Logan, Henry D. 
Loose, William. 
Morris, Charles W. 
Morris, William A. 
Murphy, Walter B. 
Murphy, Albert E. 
Meredith, Samuel A. 
Mundy, Zachary N. 
Mayo, Leonard. 
Marx, William. 
Miller, Robert R. 
Morford, William P. 
Moore, Joseph. 
Marshall, Hunter. 
Meadow, T. P. 
Mauck, Peter D. 
McDonald, Alex. 
McMaster, John. 
McGrath, John. 
McAlister, Robt. C. 
Nunnalee, Lewis T. 
North, Clayton. 
Pamplin, William J. 
Poindexter, G. H. 
Percival, Peter. 
Pettyjohn, Charles. 
Pettyjohn, Joseph. 



Pettyjohn, Jesse N. 
Preston, Samuel T. 
Padgett, Radford H. 
Perkins, Richard J. 
Quinlan, Edward. 
Rucker, James G. 
Ritchey, Harvie F. 
Reid, William S. 
Read, John A. 
Rose, Harry J. 
Rosser, Ed. B. 
Steptoe, Nathan' IM. 
Smithson, Leslie C. 
Stephens, James D. 
Stephens, James W. 
Slaughter, John A. 
Stratton, Albert F. 
Stratton, Jacob. 
Smith, Vincent C. 
Schaffter, Aurelius. 
Turpin, W. R. 
Vorhauer, William. 
Watts, Richard A. 
Wood, John F. 
Webb, John W. 
Woodroof,Suprey C. 
Woodroof, J. W. 
Wooling, Henry B. 
Wills, Alexander F. 
Whitten, A. E. 
Williams, Chas. W. 
Yeatman, Thos. R. 



68 



APPENDIX. 



Latham's Batteky, Compaisty D, Thirty-Eighth Virginia 
Battalion: 



First Captain, H. Grey Latham. 
Second Captain, James Bearing. 
Third Captain, Jos. G. Blount. 
Fourth Captain, J. W. Dickerson. 
First Lieut, Geo. S. Davidson. 
First Lieut., Jas. W. Dickerson. 
First Lieut, T. F. Richardson. 
First Lieut, J. L. Thompson. 
Second Lieut., W. J. Folkes. 
Second Lieut., L. Clark Leftwich. 
Second Lieut, William King. 
Second Lieut., Chas. A. Taylor. 



Second Lieut., J. L. Thompson. 
Second Lieut., Jos. G. Blount. 
Second Lieut., W. H. Blackwell. 
Second Lieut., N. H. Hazlewood. 
Sergeant, C. A. Taylor. 
Sergeant, S. R. Lampkin. 
Sergeant, G. W. Apperson. 
Sergeant, M. L. Percival. 
Corporal, Wm. P. Taliaferro. 
Corporal, J. B. Ley. 
Corporal, R. J. Rice. 
Drummer, James Chenault. 



Allen, A. 

Blackwell, Wm. H. 
Biby, George W. 
Coleman, Clifton L. 
Carndea, William. 
Cox, William F. 
Camden, Samuel H. 
Cullen, J. W. 
Creasy, James F. 
Coleman, R. H. 
Chavers, J. L. 
Camden, William. 
Chenault, C. O. 
Day, C. R. 
Davidson, F. M. 
Dickell, Charles. 
Dayton, E. T. 
Dowdy, James M. 
Fields, Leon. 
Fat, George F. 
Godsey, Frank. 
Goff, Thomas. 
Gilliam, James D. 
Gilliam, Wm. A. 
Gilliam, Cornelius. 
Graham, Thomas. 



PRIVATES. 

Hughes, Hugh. 
Hickey, Daniel. 
Heckworth, L. C. 
Hughes, T. N. 
Kendall, George E. 
Kennady, John. 
Laine, J. H. 
Lindsey, W. 
McGuley, J. B. 
McCanna, James. 
McCreary, Daniel. 
McCreary, John W. 
Moore, W. S. 
Moore, Jere. 
Moselev, G. W. 
Marks,' T. V. 
Mason, J. N. 
Mays, James W. 
Oliver, William H. 
O'Brien, Wm. A. 
Owen, J. B. 
Perry, J. G. 
Padgett, George. 
Pettit, E. D. 
Phelps, Thomas. 
Perry, C. M. 



Phelps, Jos. M. 
Phelps, J. B. 
Patteson, W. H. 
Read, William. 
Reynolds, Benj. 
Ross, Thomas. 
Radley, John. 
Richardson, T. F. 
Robinson, A. P. 
Stanley, George W. 
Sumpter, A. McK. 
Spencer, Albert. 
Spencer, Wm. A. 
Spencer, James. 
Thompson, J. L. 
Tibbe, John A. 
Torgee, Geo. W. 
Wicker, R. T. 
Wicker, William. 
Wyatt, C. N. 
Woolridge, M. W. 
Walden, E. H. 
Wright, G. R. 
Woolridge, Peter W\ 
Wright, C. L. 
Viar, Jacob. 



APPENDIX. 



69 



Davidson's Battery, Company 

First Captain, Geo. S. Davidson. 
Second Capt., J. H.Chamberlayne. 
First Lieut., John A. Elliott. 
First Lieut., Joseph Lawson. 
First Lieut. , St. Geo. R. Fitzhugh 
Second Lieut. , W. T. Oliver. 
Second Lieut., John T. Johnson, 
Second Lieut. , Thos. W. Powell. 
Second Lieut., James C. Otey. 
Second Lieut., Robert Ellett. 
Second Lieut., Joseph Cohn. 



C, Thirteenth Virginia Battalion: 

Second Lieut. , W. Roane Ruffin. 
First Sergeant, James C. Otey. 
Second Sergt. , D. M. D. Smithson. 
Third Sergeant, Ed. J. Duffield. 
Fourth Sergeant,Wm. A. Ballard. 
Fifth Sergt. , Christopher C. Boyd. 
Fifth Sergeant, James L. Wood. 
Corporal, John J. Smith. 
Corporal, Joseph Cohn. 
Corporal, John R. Daniel. 
Corporal, Wm. W. Omohundro. 



Alvis, G. E. 
Alvis, J. T. 
Allen, William. 
Ballard, John. 
Brooks, Custiis. 
Briggs, Geo. L. 
Bryant, John J. 
Broyles, John J. 
Childress, Wm. T. 
Callahan, Hezekiah L. 
Callahan, John. 
Dunbar, Geo. W. 
Davidson, Ellis C. 
Doss, Robert H. 
Daniel, John R, 
Day, John R, 
Driskill, John R. 
Echols, Wm. C. 
Echols, Thomas. 
Eika, Frederick. 
Fulks, Marshall. 
Freeman, Leroy. 
Foster, James. 
Frye, Ferd. K. 
Frye, Wm. H. 
Graham, Samuel. 
Gilliam, Robert. 
Glenn, Richard. 
Hunter, Nehemiah H. 
Holcomb, Henry. 
Hannah, Robert M. 
Hall, Samuel F. 
Jones, W. W. 
Jenkins, Obediah. 



PRIVATES. 

Johnson, Thos. H. 
Keys, W. H. 
Kelly, Robert. 
Lewis, John R. 
Layne, David S. 
Loath, Julius. 
Liggon, D. L. 
Lawhorne, Thos. G. 
Leonard, Wm. 
Lloyd, Edward. 
Manley, J. H. 
Melton, John F. 
Marsh, John W. 
Marsh, Robert M. 
Marsh, Peter M. 
Martin, Samuel J. 
Moore, Charles M. 
Moore, Samuel F. 
Moore, James H. 
Moore, Richard. 
McClintick, Robert. 
Murry, Michael. 
Morrison, John. 
Miller, Wm. H. 
Nowell, Robert H. 
North, Adam. 
Newell, Thomas. 
Nelson, Robt. P. 
Omohundro, John B. 
Omohundro, Wm. W. 
Peters, Jesse. 
Plumb, Lewis. 
Phelps, Charles. 
Phelps, Charles R. 



Phelps, John. 
Phelps, Jos. E. 
Perkiuson, Henry. 
Padgett, Callohill C. 
Padgett, John W. 
Padgett, R. B. F. 
Pribble. Cornelius J, 
Pribble; Frank C. 
Powers, John. 
Parson, John R. 
Roberts, Richard. 
Reynolds, John, Sr. 
Reynold, Jno. J.,Jr. 
Reynolds, Fayette. 
Rouke, Wm. O. 
Richardson, S. M. 
Stewart, Warren A. 
Stewart, John P. 
Stanley, Henry. 
Shell, Landon H. 
Seay, Peter. 
Seay, Isaac. 
Smith, John J. 
Seaymour, Wm. S. 
Thomas, W. T. 
Thomas, Marcell.A. 
Thomas, Wm. H. 
Taylor, Wm. H. 
Thayer, Robert. 
Umphreys, Edward. 
Waldron, Adel. 
Wood, James L. 
Wells, James M. 
Whitten, Gustavus. 



70 



APPENDIX. 



Heavy Artillery, Company C, Fourth Kegiment Virginia 
Artillery: 
First Capt., Samuel D. Preston. First Sergt., Stephen C. Perrow. 
Second Capt., Thomas S. Preston. Second Sergt., F. J. Eockenbach. 
First Lieut. , Thomas S. Preston. Third Sergt. , John J. Linkinhoker. 
Second Lieut., Wm. H. Banton. Fourth Sergt., A. M. Davies. 
Second Lieut., John W. Davis. Fifth Sergt, George W. Wyatt. 
Second Lieut., Stephen C. Perrow. Corporal, William C. Mays. 
Second Lieut., Thomas A. Tibbs. Corporal, J. N. Haynes. 
Second Lieut., F. J. Rockenbach. Corporal, Benj. H. Hawkins. 
Corporal, Alfred D. Hickman. 

PRIVATES. 



BrafEord, Robert A. 
Ballowe, W. A. 
Bocock, S. R. 
Brown, Bird. 
Brown, Preston. 
Bryant, Joseph. 
Bryant, Lyman. 
Butts, William R. 
Crawford, William. 
Cash, John I. 
Campbell, W. A. 
Cushwell, Thomas. 
Cafflin, John W. 
Dawson, Harry. 
Dixon, John J. 
Fitzgerald, Chas. J. 
Fitzgerald, Geo. A. 
Ford, Simeon W. 
Goolsby, Paul A. 
Grant, Paul H. 
Grant, W. H. 
Harris, A. W. 



Hickman, Alex. 
Hickman, Matthew A 
Holt, George W. 
Hope, Robert. 
Howard, John C. 
Isenhower, James. 
Isaacs, W. H. 
Johnson, John J. 
Johnson, Robert A. 
Jones, James W. 
Kenny, James M. 
Kirby, W. R. 
Lane, Edward. 
Lingleton, W. R. 
Maine, Isaac S. 
Mays, Joshua B. 
Mason, Benj. D. 
McCormack, Caspar. 
Moore, Gustavus. 
Morris, George W. 
Morris, N. D.. 
Morris, W. C. 



Moxley, George W. 
Oneman, N. ProflGitt. 
Perdew, John. 
Phelps, James R. 
Read, W. N. 
Rice, D. C. 
Selby, W. M. 
Sasser, W. T. 
Terry, R. S. 
Thacker, D. 
Tucker, C. D. 
Tucker, C. H. 
Tucker, William. 
Thurman, Archibald. 
Tollsy, J. H. 
Turner, Thomas H. 
Tyree, Augustus. 
Vier, Edward. 
Walker, George T. 
Warren, Edward. 
Wilkerson, Thomas. 
Yuille, Philip P. 



Lee's Body Guard, afterwards Company E, Thirty-ninth Bat- 
talion Virginia Cavalry:* 
Captain, A. H. Pettigrew. First Lieutenant, J. A. Armistead. 

Second Lieutenant, Fred. Mitchell. 



Baber, John. 
Bagby, Lilburn. 
Couch, James M. 
Craddock, David. 
Chumbley, Joseph. 
Christian, Nat. 
Franklin, Thos. E. 

* Partial roster. 



PRIVATES. 

Franklin, Samuel. 
Farmer, William. 
Hunter, Thomas. 
Johns, J. O. 
Jones, Edmund AV 
Jones, John T. 
Kinnear, James. 



Perrow Willis. 
Rodes, John. 
Slaughter, Samuel. 
Taliaferro, C. C. 
Taliaferro, Hugh. 
Thompson, Thomas. 



APPENDIX. 



71 



Kirkpatrick's Battery, Company A, Thirty-first Battalion 
Virginia Artillery:''^ 

Captain, Thos. J. Kirkpatrick. Second Lieut, E. G. Scott. 

First Lieut, George W. Hobson. Third Lieut, A. E, Woodroof. 



Biitterwortli, Moses. 
Christian, John. 
Doss, William. 
Hains, Christopher. 
Hewitt, A. Bowling. 
Hewitt, A. I. 
Hewitt, A. E. 
Horner, James W. 
Inge, William J, 



PRIVATES. 

Kinckle, Frank T. 
Kinnear, John H. 
Lewis, John. 
Mason, John T. 
McCausland, Jas. F. 
McDaniel, William L. 
Moore, Thomas W. 
McKinney, Barney. 
McCorkle, William. 



McCorkle, John J. 
Miller, Frank T. 
Nowlin, James B. 
Petty, William J. 
Eodes, Lafayette P. 
Steptoe, W. T. 
Steptoe, Jacob M. 
Wills, Edwin D. 
Yancey, W. T. 



Second Eegiment Virginia Cavalry :t 

First Colonel, E. C. W. Eadford. 

Second Colonel, T. T. Munford. 

Third Crlonel, Cary Breckinridge. 

First Lieutenant- Colonel, T. T. Munford. 

Second Lieutenant- Colonel, J. W. Watts. 

Third Lieutenant- Colonel, Cary Breckinridge. 

Fourth Lieutenant-Colonel, W. F. Graves. 

First Major, J. S. Langhorne. 

Second Major, A. L. Pitzer. 

Third Major, Cary Breckinridge. 

Fourth Major, W. F. Graves. 

Fifth Major, Thomas Whitehead. 

First Adjutant, E. H. Banks. 

Second Adjutant, Lomax Tayloe. 

Third Adjutant, John W. Tayloe. 

Fourth Adjutant, Samuel Griffin. 

First Assistant Surgeon, S. H. Meredith. 

Second Assistant Surgeon, W. H. Bowyer. 

Third Assistant Surgeon, W. B. Da vies. 

Fourth Assistant Surgeon, J. H. Nelson. 

Fifth Assistant Surgeon, W. H. Peake. 

Sixth Assistant Surgeon, James Eoan. 

Seventh Assistant Surgeon, W. H. Shackleford. 

First Quartermaster, W. H. Trent. 

First Commissary, Albert McDaniel. 

First Sergeant-Major, William Steptoe. 

♦ This is a roster of the Lynchburg members. 

t First mounted regiment organized in Virginia. Organized at 
Lynchburg, May 8, 1861, Colonel J. A. Early, mustering officer. 



72 APPENDIX. 



Second Sergeant- Major, John Fulks. 

T hird Sergeant- Major, R. T. Watts. 

Fourth Sergeant-Major, W. J. Holcombe. 

Fifth Sergeant-Major, Samuel Griffin. 

First Color-Sergeant, Lomax Tayloe. 

Second Color-Sergant, H. D. Yancey. 

Third Color-Sergeant, James E. Tucker. 

Fourth Color-Sergeant, J. T. Morgan. 

First Commissary-Sergeant, C. H. Almond. 

First Quartermaster-Sergeant, F. Merriweather. 

Farrier, F. Williams. 

Chief Blacksmiths, W. B. Bowyer and B. Hughes. 

First Bugler, J. H. Kasey. 

Second Bugler, William Wilson. 

Chaplain, W. W. Berry. 

Adjutant's Clerk and Ordnance Officers, M. Guggenheimer and 
T. P. tayloe. 

Regimental Band, George R. Lyman, Leader ; Charles H. Kau, 
Thomas Walker, Frank Myering, A. R. Edwards, James M. Ed- 
wards, Hercy E. Carper, H. M. Harris, R. W. Thurman, Thomas 
Wilson. 

Company A, Captain William R. Terry, Bedford County. 

Company B, Captain John S. Langhorne, Lynchburg. 

Company C, Captain Andrew L. Pitzer, Botetourt County. 

Company D, G. W. B. Hale, Franklin County. 

Company E, Edgar Whitehead, Amherst County. 

Company F, James Wilson, Bedford County. 

Company G, R. C. W. Radford, Bedford County. 

Company H, Joel W. Flood, Appomattox County. 

Company I, J. D. Alexander, Campbell County. 

Compang K, Eugene Davis, Albemarle County. 



LEJa'iS 



Campaign and Battle 
of lynchburg, va. 



